出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评。请广大考生家长关注，祝福广大考生在2013年高考中发挥出最佳水平，考出好成绩!同时祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs. nurture. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定) to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (something that helps sb./sth. to develop better and more quickly )as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the argument will continue for a long time is certain.
66. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ____________.
A. why our personalities and behaviors differ
B. what makes different stages of intelligence
C. how social scientists form different theories
D. what causes the “nature/ nurture” argument
67. The word “proponents” can best be replaced by __________.
A. approaches B. advocates C. principles D. characters
68. Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature” school?
A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.
B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.
C. Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors.
D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.
69. What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A. They believe human beings are mechanical.
B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D. They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
70. The “nature” theorists believe that the black’s low scores ____________.
A. are the result of the educational disadvantages
B. are a display of the blacks’ poor intelligence
C. have nothing to do with their true intelligence
D. have nothing to do with factors other than heredity(遗传)
答案与解析：
66. A. 主旨大意题。首段首句指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段开始从两个方面解释该问题，末段是总结段，由此看来，首段首句和末段首句提到的human behavior 是本文的中心内容，因此答案为A。虽然文章首段第2句就提到intelligent一词，但该句的intelligent，cooperative，competitive等都只是举例说明首句有关personalities和behaviors的问题，由此可见，选项B并非本文主旨;作者提到两种理论是为了解释性格和行为形成的原因，并非讨论这两种理论形成的原因，因此C、D两项均不正确。
67. B. 词义猜测题。根据文章内容，我们可以判断proponent应指人，指这两种理论的支持者，只有advocates“拥护者”符合这种推测，故选B。
68. A. 细节理解题。 第3段首句的largely determined by biological and genetic factors和末句的governed by our instincts 都表明“天性论”派会认同A的看法，故选A。
69. C. 细节理解题。本题实际上考查第4段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的like machines，humans respond……表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器，而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应作对比，由此可见，C为正确的理解。
70. D. 细节推理题。 将D选项与第3段结合起来，可以确定D为本题答案，只有D才符合“天性论”派对性格与行为形成的看法。
2013高考英语试题分类小结篇：动词的时态和语态
相关链接：
| 内蒙古高考语文试题 | 内蒙古高考数学试题 | 内蒙古高考英语试题 | 内蒙古高考理综试题 | 内蒙古高考文综试题 |
| 内蒙古高考语文答案 | 内蒙古高考数学答案 | 内蒙古高考英语答案 | 内蒙古高考理综答案 | 内蒙古高考文综答案 |