2013考研英语一真题

　　31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by

　　[A] our desire for ares of fulfillment

　　[B] our faith in science and teched

　　[C] our awareness of potential risks

　　[D] our bdief in equal opportunity

　　32. The IUCN“Rod List”suggest that human beings on

　　[A] a sustained species

　　[B] the word’s deminant power

　　[C] a threat to the environment

　　[D] a misplaced race

　　33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?

　　[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.

　　[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.

　　[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.

　　[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.

　　34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to

　　[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources.

　　[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.

　　[C] draw on our experience from the past.

　　[D] curb our ambition to reshape history.

　　35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　[A] Uncertainty about Our Future

　　[B] Evolution of the Human Species

　　[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.

　　[D] Science, Technology and Humanity.

　　Text 4

　　Text 4

　　On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

　　In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.

　　Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.

　　However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.

　　Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.

　　The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .

　　Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.

　　36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

　　[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.

　　[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.

　　[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.

　　[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.

　　37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?

　　[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.

　　[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.

　　[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.

　　[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.

　　38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

　　[A] violated the Constitution.

　　[B] undermined the states’ interests.

　　[C] supported the federal statute.

　　[D] stood in favor of the states.

　　39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement

　　[A] outweighs that held by the states.

　　[B] is dependent on the states’ support.

　　[C] is established by federal statutes.

　　[D] rarely goes against state laws.

　　40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

　　[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.

　　[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.

　　[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.

　　[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

　　Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

　　(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .

　　Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.

　　Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____

　　When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

　　The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.

　　The trick is to direct these funds better.The European union   Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.