B
Everyone wants to know the secrets of a long and healthy life. Here are some discoveries from health experts.
Many studies looking into the lives of centenarians(百岁老人) look at what they eat. Many people who live into their hundreds live in the Mediterranean(地中海), so their diet, which is high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and healthy fats like olive oil, gets a lot of attention. The diet has been linked to a healthier older age, lower risk for heart disease, and even protection against memory loss.
Education is related to a longer life. A 2012 report from the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics found that people with a bachelor’s degree or higher live about nine years longer than people who don’t graduate high school. James Smith, a health economist at the RAND Corporation, is also a supporter of the argument for staying in school for better life expectancy. His findings show education should be an even bigger factor than race and income. Educated people are more likely to land better jobs, plan for their future, and make healthier lifestyle choices.
Being a hard worker doesn’t necessarily mean job-stress will harm you. The Longevity Study found that plenty of hard workers lived long lives. “Skeptics(怀疑者) may wonder if hard workers really are enjoying life.” the authors write, “We found that productive, hardworking people (even in old age) are not stressed or miserable, but tend to be happier, healthier, and more socially connected than their less productive peers.”
Having a strong social group is associated with a longer life. We often turn to friends and family for support, and taking care of the people that matter to us may help us take better care of ourselves, some evidence shows. Some research even suggests that immune(免疫) function is improved when we are around our friends, and that they help with stress management.
Research shows that sitting for long period of time put people at risk for shorter lifespans and other health risks. A 2011 study found that each hour people spent sitting down and watching TV after age 25 was linked to 22 minutes from their overall life expectancy.
31. The second paragraph mainly tells us that_______.
A. Diet matters a lot to a long life
B. People attach great importance to a long life
C. Fruits and vegetables benefit health
D. Life styles play a role in health
32. According to James Smith, which makes the greatest difference to a long life?
A. Race B. Education C. Income D. Diet
33. From the fourth paragraph, we know_____.
A. Hard workers suffer from greater stress
B. Hard workers are likely to enjoy a longer life
C. Less productive workers tend to be happier and healthier
D. Nobody doubts that hard workers really are enjoying life
34. According to the passage, in order to live a long life, we should_________.
A. sit still frequently and have a good rest
B. find a job after middle school and work hard
C. settle down in the Mediterranean
D. be social and make more friends
35. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. diet and health
B. the value of good education
C. some discoveries on health
D. the secret of a happy life
C
Body Language in the United States
Most people shake hands and make eye contact when they meet people for the first time. Among very good friends, a woman may give another woman a little hug, and a man may kiss a woman quickly on the cheek. Males don’t hug one another, which, however, is changing. Men usually shake hands with the right hand. Sometimes they use the left hand to either cover the handshake or lightly hold the other person’s arm. This shows greater warmth and friendship. Most people wave hello or good -bye by extending the arm palm(手掌) facing outward, and twisting the hand at the wrist. Another way is to raise the arm, palm outward, and move the whole arm and hand back and forth. This is important to know because in many other countries, the same movements mean “no”.
When people are waiting in a public place, such as the post office, they usually form lines. Some people get angry and complain if someone pushes their way into a line or jumps ahead of other people. Moreover, many women like men to open doors for them. They also like men to give up their seats on public transportation. However, some women do not like this type of behavior. They feel that men and women should be treated in the same way.
In the United States, it’s important to make direct eye contact in business and social situations. If you don’t make eye contact, people will probably think that you are bored or not interested. If there is silence in these situations, people usually try to make conservation. Periods of silence make many people uncomfortable. People in the United States usually stand about one arm’s length away from each other while talking or standing together. This space is called “the comfort zone”.
In the United States, mothers sometimes show that they are angry with children by shaking an index finger at them. People may show that they like children by patting them on the top of the head.
36. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that in the United States __________.
A. males begin to hug each other now.
B. a man usually kisses a woman for greeting.
C. people only use right hands to shake hands
D. people wave good-bye as people in many other countries do
37. Some women don’t like to be offered a seat by men because _______.
A. they think sitting is harmful for health.
B. they prefer to stand rather than sit
C. they like to be treated equally
D. they don’t need men’s favor
38. The third paragraph is mainly about________.
A. body language in public places
B. impolite body language
C. the comfort zone
D. body language in business and social life
39. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It’s rude to cut in a line in the United States.
B. Eye contact plays an important role in social communication.
C. In business situations, standing too close makes Americans uncomfortable.
D. In social situations, frequent silence makes people comfortable.
40. In the United States, a mother sometimes shakes an index finger at her kids to show ______.
A. boredom B. anger C. love D. satisfaction
D
Texting(发短信)walkers aren't just an annoyance to other walkers, Australian researchers armed with movie special-effects technology have determined scientifically that they're threats to themselves. Using motion-capture technology similar to that used for films, researchers concluded that texting while walking not only affects balance but also the ability to walk in straight line.
“Some people like checking emails while walking to work in the morning” said the study co-author Hoorn, “but they may not know it has a serious effect on the safety of themselves”. Other facts have also proved this. A tourist from Taiwan walked off a pier near Melbourne last month while checking Facebook, bringing a sudden and icy end to a penguin-watching visit. Another person who was too wrapped up in his phone to notice dangers walked straight into the fountain in front of a shopping mall.
The Australian study involved 27 volunteers, a third of whom admitted having knocked into objects while texting. They were asked to walk 8.5 meters three times—once without phones, once while reading text and once while writing text, when eight cameras recorded their actions.
They found the volunteers using the phone walked slower, and, more seriously, they locked their arms and elbows in like “robots”, which forced their heads to move more, throwing themselves off balance. “In a pedestrian(步行的)environment, inability to maintain a straight path would be likely to increase potential for traffic accidents”, said Mr. Hoorn. “The best thing to do is to step aside and stop, or keep off the phone.”
Authorities world-wide have taken note. Signs on Hong Kong's subway system advise passengers in three languages to keep their eyes off their phones. Police and transport authorities have highlighted the danger in Singapore, where the Straits Times newspaper recently declared cellphone-distracted road crossing as “bad habit No. 2” contributing to the rising number of road deaths. Some U.S. states, including New York and Arkansas, are considering bans on what they're calling phone jaywalking.
41. According to the passage, people texting while walking usually____________.
A. do not influence other walkers
B. do harm to their eyes
C. put themselves in danger
D. can still walk straight
42. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “wrapped up” in Paragraph 2?
A. absent-minded B. annoyed C. confused D. absorbed
43. The two examples in Paragraph 2 are given in order to __________.
A. prove texting walkers are threats to others
B. show texting walkers may harm themselves
C. analyze the causes of the danger
D. amuse the readers
44. About the Australian study, we know that___________.
A. the volunteers using phones while walking moved normally
B. ten volunteers admitted having bumped into things while texting
C. the volunteers were divided into three groups during the study
D. texting walkers are exposed to greater possibility of traffic accidents
45. The last paragraph suggests that_________.
A. actions have been taken against texting while walking
B. Hong Kong’s subway system forbids texting walkers to take the train
C. New York has made laws to ban phone jaywalking
D. cellphone-distracted road crossing is considered the worst habit in Singapore
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