What is geography?
Geography is the study of the world we live in, its environments, landscapes and natural disasters, and the relationship between people and environments.
One of the most wide-ranging degree subjects, geography is a mix of social and physical sciences, combining study of the planet’s physical properties with a focus on societies and how they interact.
Physical geography covers the Earth’s climate, atmosphere, landscapes and natural processes including tectonic plates, glaciers, erosion and volcanology, while human geography covers the distribution and interactions of societies across the globe. While there are few well-defined boundaries, human geography covers population growth, globalisation, farming, forestry, fishing, urbanisation, transportation and tourism.
Many universities offer both human and physical geography programmes, while a number of institutions give students the option to pursue a combined course. However, there is almost always scope to specialise after the end of the first or second year of study.
什么是地理学?
地理学是关于我们居住的世界、环境、景观、自然灾害和人与环境之间关系的学问。
地理学是内容最宽泛的学位学科之一。它融合了社会学和物理学，考察地球的物理性质，重点研究不同社会及它们之间的相互影响。
自然地理涵盖气候、大气层、景观以及构造板块、冰川、侵蚀和火山运动等自然过程。人文地理考察全球不同社会的分布和互相影响。虽然没有清晰的界限，但是人文地理一般都涉及人口增长、全球化、农业、林业、渔业、城市化、交通和旅游。
许多大学同时提供人文地理和自然地理课程，不少大学也提供综合学习机会。不过，通常情况下，在大一或大二结束之后都会对学习的范围进行限制。
What do you learn in a geography degree?
Modules may include topics on rivers, sustainability, environmental modelling, the physical environment, the politics of climate change, the making of the modern city, political geography and geopolitics, economic geography, coastal and estuarine environments, environmental hazards and energy resources.
Geography degrees often include field trips, with institutions offering fieldwork in a range of different countries to immerse students in local environments so they can apply knowledge learned in class. Trips may also enhance independent research and group skills. Many units are based on assessments carried out as part of a field trip, while lots of universities have links with overseas institutions in order to widen the range of potential fieldwork destinations.
The study of geography hones observational and analytical skills, the ability to take in vast quantities of information and also think critically, and the capacity to understand continuity and change in a range of contexts based on a broad knowledge base.
地理学专业学些什么?
地理专业涉及多个模块，涵盖多个话题，比如河流、可持续发展、环境模拟模式、自然环境、气候变化政治学、现代城市的形成、政治地理学、地缘政治学、经济地理学、海岸与河口环境、环境公害和能源资源。
地理学学位通常涉及野外考察。你可以有机会到其他国家进行考察，了解当地环境，将课题知识付诸实践。此外，野外考察也有助于提升独立研究和团队协作技能。许多单元模块都以野外考察评估为基础。为拓宽考察范围，许多大学都与海外大学合作。
地理学非常有助于培养观察技能、分析技能、处理信息技能、批判性思考，有助于理解各种语境中的持续性和变化。
What should I study to do a geography degree?
While geography departments may well accept someone who hasn’t studied geography before, prospective students are generally encouraged to study the subject at school and college. Certain BSc degrees will also ask for a maths or science qualification.
Other subjects that geography students have typically taken prior to beginning university include English literature, history, and various modern and classical languages.
However, there is no rule and entry requirements tend to depend on the type of geography course.
Physical geography programmes are more likely to demand a science-based qualification than human geography courses, which are generally more concerned with the social sciences such as politics and economics.
Subjects that may overlap with a geography degree course, such as travel and tourism, are not necessarily the best option, and prospective students are generally encouraged not to focus too narrowly.
It is also healthy to take an interest in the environment, the outdoors, politics and the world around you.
想在大学里读地理专业，在高中阶段需要学习哪些知识?
大学的地理学部门可能部要求有地理学学习经历，不过对于想申请地理专业的学生，最好在高中阶段学习地理。某些理学学士学位也要求具备数学或科学学科资格。
此外，英语文学、历史以及各门现代语言和古典语言都是学生在学习地理专业之前经常学的学科。
即便如此，也没有硬性规定。入学要求根据地理专业课程类型而定。
自然地理更有可能要求具备科学学科资格，人文地理则更多地考虑社科类学科，比如政治学和经济学。
内容与地理学位课程重叠的课程比如旅游业课程未必是最好的预备科目。通常，我们建议想申请的学生不要太偏科。
此外，不妨多关注你周围的环境、户外活动和周围的世界。
What do people who study geography go on to do?
According to the UK’s Higher Education Statistics Agency (Hesa), geography graduates are among the least likely to be unemployed. More than 90 per cent are in work or further study within six months of graduating.
They are seen as employable due to their combination of transferrable skills including problem-solving and critical thinking.
Statistics from the Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education survey show that recent geography graduates are taking up graduate roles that may appear more loosely related to the subject. Nearly one-fifth find work in business, finance and human resources, and more than 10 per cent go into marketing, public relations and sales.
Slightly more are employed in clerical work, while the 10 per cent that go into education, engineering and building fields is expected to increase over time.
Some graduates go on to work as town planners, cartographers, surveyors, environmental consultants and campaigners, travel agents, emergency planners, landscape architects and meteorologists.
Many graduates find third-sector work for non-governmental organisations, such as the many specialising in development, poverty and climate change, while others pursue careers in journalism, local government, the Civil Service and utility companies.
地理专业毕业后可以做哪些工作?
根据英国高等教育统计局的数据，地理专业的毕业生是很容易找到工作的。90%以上的毕业生在毕业半年内就找到了工作，或者继续深造。
就业率高的原因是地理专业毕业生具备可转移技能，包括解决问题和批判性思考的技能。
《高等教育毕业生去向》数据显示，地理专业毕业生的就业岗位与专业呈现非相关趋势。近五成的毕业生从事商务、金融和人力资源管理，10%以上的毕业生做市场营销，公关和销售。
10%以上的毕业生从事文书工作。此外，从事教育、工程和建筑行业的毕业生占10%，并且有望增加。
部分毕业生从事城镇规划、地图制作、土地测量、环境咨询、旅行代理、紧急策划、园林建筑和气象研究。
许多毕业生从事第三方非政府组织工作，比如研究发展、贫穷和气候变化。另有一些毕业生做记者，或者到地方政府、行政部门和公共事业公司工作。
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