LSAT是美国法学院申请入学的参考条件之一，关于该考试法学院的招生委员会为大家提供了一些实用的参考建议，跟着出国留学网来看看如何有效的准备美国法学院的LSAT考试，欢迎阅读。
Now that the February LSAT has come and gone, many prospective applicants who haven’t taken the LSAT are beginning their preparation for the next test date, held this year on Monday, June 8. In this week’s post, we’ll discuss 16-week template preparation plans for three types of LSAT students.Before we get into the specifics for the three types of LSAT students we discuss below, there are two general thoughts on LSAT preparation applicable to all students.First, the backbone of any thorough LSAT preparation is to take full, timed practice tests. Although it is important to do targeted practice to address specific issues, full practice tests serve as a valuable diagnostic tool in addition to getting the student used to 35-minute sections and the sustained focus required to do well on all four scored sections. I advise my clients that they are likely not fully prepared until they have taken at least 30 full, timed practice tests.Second, the LSAT is not a test that rewards last-minute intense studying. We generally recommend that our clients spend at least three months (and in most cases, more than that) consistently studying for the LSAT, ideally devoting 10-15 hours per week. It is much better to do 150 hours of LSAT prep over 12 to 15 weeks than it is to try to cram 150 hours into the three weeks leading up to the test.
潜在的法学院申请者在参加LSAT考试时经常感到焦虑。LSAT考试在法学院的录取结果中扮演着重要的角色，需要大量的学习。亚利桑那大学的詹姆斯·罗杰斯学院和哈佛大学法学院接受GRE成绩代替LSAT考试s希望其他的项目也能如此。哈佛大学在2016年进行了一项研究，该研究得出结论:“GRE是一年级同等有效的预测指标。”然而，绝大多数法学院仍然需要LSAT的考试成绩。尽管作为一名招生顾问，我经常遇到一些沮丧的申请者，他们抱怨LSAT与法律研究毫无关系，考试在为法学院学生做准备方面起着关键作用。以下是申请美国法学院LSAT的方式方法等内容。
问题一： LSAT 考试究竟是什么?
• Substance: The LSAT was specifically designed to test the aptitude of applicants interested in studying law.According to the Law School Admission Council's website, "The LSAT is designed to measure skills that are considered essential for success in law school: the reading and comprehension of complex texts with accuracy and insight; the organization and management of information and the ability to draw reasonable inferences from it; the ability to think critically; and the analysis and evaluation of the reasoning and arguments of others."Analyzing, comparing and critically evaluating arguments is fundamental to the study and practice of law. As a law student, you will be asked to spot legal issues from a set of hypothetical facts and discuss the various legal consequences. You may also need to make policy arguments about the merits of certain laws and regulations.To excel on law school exams, you will need to have strong skills in analyzing, comparing, critically evaluating and drawing conclusions about arguments. Sound familiar? Those are the very skills the LSAT requires you to master.
实质内容:LSAT是专门设计来测试申请者是否有兴趣学习法律的。根据法学院入学委员会的网站，“LSAT考试的目的是衡量在法学院取得成功所必需的技能:对复杂文本的阅读和理解具有准确性和洞察力;信息的组织和管理以及从中得出合理推论的能力;批判性思维的能力;以及对他人论证和论证的分析与评价。“分析、比较和批判性地评价论点是法律研究和实践的基础。作为一名法律专业的学生，你将被要求从一组假设的事实中找出法律问题，并讨论各种法律后果。你还需要对某些法律法规的优点进行政策论证。要想在法学院的考试中脱颖而出，你需要具备很强的分析、比较、批判性评估和总结论点的能力。听起来是不是很熟悉?这些是LSAT要求你掌握的技能。
Endurance and speed: The LSAT is also a test of endurance and speed. Composed of five multiple-choice sections, each 35-minutes long, and a 35-minute unscored writing sample, the LSAT is three-and-a-half hours of testing.At Harvard Law School, where I studied, in-class exams typically last between two and four hours, while eight hours are allotted for take-home exams. Note that bar exams last two days.You will need to become comfortable sustaining rigorous analysis and logical reasoning as a law student. The LSAT can help you build that critical thinking endurance.If the LSAT is a marathon in terms of endurance, it is also a sprint in terms of speed. You will have about one minute to answer each question if you divide your time equally between question types. That means you need to work efficiently and analyze problems quickly.Lawyers need to work hard and be good at thinking on their feet. This skill is not only applicable in dramatic courtroom scenes but also in depositions and negotiations, as well as when reviewing contracts and conducting due diligence. Clients charged by billable hours also appreciate efficiency.
耐力和速度：LSAT也是耐力和速度的考验。LSAT由五个多选择部分组成，每组35分钟，一个35分钟的未打分的写作样本，LSAT考试的时间为三个半小时。在我就读的哈佛法学院，在课堂上的考试通常会持续2到4个小时，而8个小时的考试则被分配给家庭考试。注意这两天的律师考试。作为一名法律系的学生，你需要适应严格的分析和逻辑推理。LSAT可以帮助你培养批判性思维的耐力。如果LSAT在耐力方面是一场马拉松，它也是速度方面的冲刺。如果你把时间平均分配到问题类型之间，你将有大约一分钟的时间来回答每个问题。这意味着你需要高效地工作并快速分析问题。律师需要努力工作，善于思考。这种技巧不仅适用于戏剧性的法庭场景，也适用于证词的保存和谈判以及审查合同和进行尽职调查的时候。按照小时收费的客户也会欣赏比较有效率的人。
• Long-term study: Unlike the GRE, the LSAT does not test your knowledge of external subjects. In other words, you do not have to study math and vocabulary words to do well.While you do not need to have external knowledge to pass the exam, most test-takers would benefit from long-term study. The LSAT is not a test you can cram for. The reason for extended study is because the analytical and logical reasoning skills, as well as the format of the questions, are unfamiliar to the majority of test-takers.The Pre-Law Advising Office at the University of Massachusetts—Amherst suggests applicants develop a study plan of "at least 4-6 hours a week for at least three to four months prior to the test date."Guess what else requires long-term study? That's right – law school exams and the bar exam.Doing well in law school requires diligence and months of study leading up to finals. In many respects, your three years in law school are preparation for the bar. On top of that, you will have to commit to months of bar prep after graduation.The GRE also prepares students in many of the same respects. That is why schools like Harvard and the American Bar Association have accepted it as an alternative to the LSAT.Nonetheless, the LSAT is likely to remain a key criteria of law school applications for many years to come. Embracing the ways the exam will prepare you for a career in law may alleviate some test anxieties.
长期研究:与GRE不同，LSAT考试不测试你对外部性的知识。换句话说，你不需要学习数学和词汇就能考出好成绩。虽然你不需要有外部知识来通过考试，但大多数考生都能从长期学习中获益。LSAT不是一项你可以临时抱佛脚的考试。延长研究的原因是由于分析和逻辑推理能力以及问题的形式，大多数考生都不熟悉。马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校法律咨询办公室建议申请人在考试日期前至少3到4个月的时间内制定一份“每周至少4 - 6小时”的学习计划。猜猜还有什么需要长期研究?那是法学院的考试和律师考试。在法学院学习需要勤奋和几个月的学习才能进入最终的考核。在许多方面，你在法学院的三年都是为法学博士做准备。最重要的是，你必须在毕业后坚持几个月的准备工作。GRE考试也为学生们准备了许多相同的方面。这就是为什么像哈佛和美国律师协会这样的学校已经接受了它作为LSAT的替代选择。尽管如此，LSAT考试很可能仍将是未来许多年法学院申请的一个关键标准。欣然接受考试将为你的职业生涯做准备，也许能减轻一些考试焦虑。
问题二：LSAT 考试该如何分配答题时间?
The aspect of timing is one of the key elements that distinguishes the LSAT from other standardized tests. Unlike the SAT, GMAT and GRE, the LSAT is designed to make students run out of time. Developing an effective time management strategy, therefore, is essential to maximizing your LSAT score.Before getting into section-by-section strategies, let's go through a couple of general principles that are applicable to all sections of the test. First, since every question is worth the same amount regardless of difficulty, answering the easiest questions first is the most time-efficient way to approach the test. Not only will easy questions take less time to answer, but you will also get them right more frequently. This means that easy questions will generate raw score points, which lead to scaled score points, much more quickly than hard questions.Second, unlike the SAT and many other standardized tests, there is no penalty for incorrect answers on the LSAT. You should therefore make sure to answer every single question, even if you can't spend much time on it. Spending even as little as 20 seconds often enables one to eliminate at least one answer choice and make a much higher-percentage guess on the remaining answer choices. This is 20 seconds well spent.
Now, here are strategies for the individual sections:
时间的方面是区分LSAT和其他标准化测试的关键因素之一。与SAT、GMAT和GRE不同，LSAT的设计目的是让学生们没有时间。因此，制定有效的时间管理策略对于最大化您的LSAT分数至关重要。在进入逐节策略之前，让我们先看几个适用于测试所有部分的一般原则。首先，既然每个问题的价值都是相同的，无论遇到什么困难，首先回答最简单的问题是最省时的方法来进行测试。简单的问题不仅需要更少的时间来回答，而且你需要有更大的能力去获得相应的分数。这意味着简单的问题会产生原始的分数，从而导致分数比难的问题要快得多。第二，不像SAT和其他许多标准化考试，对LSAT的错误答案没有惩罚。因此，即使你不能在上面花太多时间你应该确保已经回答了每一个问题。哪怕只花20秒就能消除至少一个答案，并对剩下的答案做出更大的猜测。
下面是各个部分的策略:
Logical Reasoning
There is one significant time management difference between the logical reasoning sections and the other two sections. Since each question in this section is independent and requires no knowledge of a previous question, you can dramatically rearrange the order of the test so that you answer the easiest questions first and the hardest questions last. In general, questions get more difficult the farther into the section you go.More specifically, ask yourself three questions to determine the level of difficulty of a question and therefore how much time to spend on it:
• Do I still have difficulty understanding the argument after reading it twice?
• Is this a question type I tend to have difficulty on?
• Can I eliminate fewer than two answer choices?
If you answers to at least three of these questions is "yes," then you should cut your losses by spending 15 or so more seconds to come up with an educated guess and then move on to the next question.You should also save for last questions that are inherently time-consuming. The two question types I recommend skipping until the end are similar reasoning and similar flaw questions. These questions require analyzing six arguments – the argument in the question prompt and each of the five answer choices – and therefore generally take much more time than others.
逻辑推理部分
在逻辑推理部分和其他两个部分之间存在一个重要的时间管理差异。由于本节中的每个问题都是独立的，并且不需要了解之前的问题，所以您可以极大地重新安排测试的顺序，这样您就可以先回答最简单的问题，最后回答最难的问题。一般来说，问题越深入回答起来也就越困难。更具体地说，问自己三个问题来决定一个问题的难度水平，因此要花多少时间在上面:
我读了两遍之后，还是很难理解这个论点吗?
这是一个我容易遇到的问题吗?
我能至少删除两个答案的选项吗?
如果你至少回答了其中的三个问题，那么你应该用15秒的时间来减少你的损失，然后再考虑下一个问题。您还应该保存最后的问题，这些问题是非常耗时的。我建议跳过的两个问题是类似的推理和类似的缺陷问题。这些问题需要分析六个论点，问题提示中的论据和五个答案中的每一个，因此通常比其他的要花费更多的时间。
Logic Games
The logic games section contains four games, each of which has five to seven questions associated with it. Since jumping around from game to game is extremely difficult, it is impossible to use the logical reasoning strategy outlined above. Instead, you should rearrange the section by game as opposed to by question.I instruct students who don't consistently finish the logic games section in the 35 minutes allotted to spend approximately one minute at the beginning of the section determining the order in which to attack the games. To determine the most efficient order, look for game types that you are comfortable with and that do not contain any uncommon rules or characteristics. Avoid games that are unfamiliar to you or that you tend to find difficult.Just like in the logical reasoning section, you should avoid questions that are inherently time-consuming. There are two very uncommon question types that fall into this category: questions that ask you which answer choice makes the game "fully/completely determined," and questions that substitute a rule for another rule. These questions tend to come at the end of the third game in a section.
逻辑游戏
逻辑游戏部分包含4个游戏，每个游戏有5到7个问题。由于从游戏到游戏的跳跃是极其困难的，所以不可能使用上述的逻辑推理策略。相反，你应该通过游戏重新排列，而不是通过提问。我指示那些在比赛开始前的35分钟内不坚持完成逻辑游戏部分的学生，在决定攻击游戏的顺序的部分开始大约一分钟。为了确定最有效的顺序，查找您熟悉的游戏类型，并且不包含任何不常见的规则或特性。避免那些你不熟悉的游戏，或者你会觉得很难。就像逻辑推理部分一样，你应该避免那些本来就很耗费时间的问题。有两种非常不常见的问题类型属于这一类:问你哪种答案的问题使游戏“完全/完全决定”，以及用另一个规则代替规则的问题。这些问题往往在第三局的最后一节结束。
Reading Comprehension
Like the logic games, it is impossible to jump from passage to passage. Unlike the logic games, however, it is difficult to quickly determine which passages you will likely find easier than others. The reading comprehension section therefore requires yet another strategy, this one focused on reading the passage as efficiently as possible.To read most efficiently, focus on the big-picture information and the passage's structure and avoid internalizing the details. Although many questions ask you about what appear to be minutia hidden within the passage, you can often get the right answer for even these questions by having a solid knowledge of the main point of the passage.By knowing the structure of the passage, you can quickly locate the information you need to answer the question instead of trying to internalize every detail in the passage, most of which won't be tested.
阅读理解
就像逻辑游戏一样，不可能从一段文章跳到另一段。然而，与逻辑游戏不同的是，很难快速确定哪些段落可能比其他的更容易找到。因此，阅读理解部分需要另一种策略，这一项侧重于尽可能有效地阅读文章。最有效地阅读就是指关注大图片信息和文章的结构，避免将细节内在化。虽然很多问题会问你在文章中隐藏了什么细节，但即使是这些问题，你也可以通过对文章主旨的充分了解来找到正确答案。通过了解文章的结构，你可以快速找到回答问题所需的信息，而不是试图将文章中的每一个细节都内在化，大部分文章不会测试的如此细致的。
问题三：一些过来人的案例
Student 1: A student with little or no experience with the LSAT and a history of difficulty with standardized tests.For this type of student, a comprehensive approach is best. This usually involves taking a comprehensive LSAT course in the early stages of preparation, then thoroughly reviewing the course content and practicing while simultaneously identifying and addressing major issues.
Weeks 1-4: Complete course work and all associated homework.
Weeks 5-8: In addition to your course work and homework, begin to take one to two practice tests per week.
Weeks 9-12: Continue taking practice tests, and add one additional practice test per week for a total of two to three tests per week. Analyze practice tests to identify major issues such as inference questions in arguments or ordering and sequencing logic games and thoroughly review associated course work and homework. Begin work with a tutor to help identify and address major issues.
Weeks 13-16: Take at least three practice tests per week. Continue to analyze practice tests to identify and address issues, but spend more time on extra practice questions and less time reviewing course materials to address those weaknesses.
学生1:很少或没有经验的的学生在准备LSAT标准化考试的时候。对于这种类型的学生，综合的方法是最好的。这通常包括在准备的早期阶段进行全面的LSAT课程，然后对课程内容和练习进行全面的复习，同时确定和解决主要问题。
1 - 4周:完成课程和所有相关的作业。
5- 8周:除了你的课程作业和作业外，每周开始做一到两次的练习测试。
9 - 12周:继续进行练习测试，每周增加一个额外的练习测试，每周进行两到三次测试。分析练习测试，以识别主要问题，如推理问题或排序和排序逻辑游戏，并彻底复习相关的课程作业和作业。与导师一起开始工作，帮助确定和解决重大问题。
13 - 16周:每周至少做三次练习。继续分析实践测试以确定和解决问题，但是要花更多的时间在额外的实践问题上，少花时间复习课程材料来解决这些问题。
Student 2: A student with little to no experience with LSAT but with a history of performing well on standardized tests.Many students who have performed well on standardized tests in the past – especially those testing verbal skills, such as the SAT, GRE and GMAT – will likely be able to work out parts of the LSAT on their own. After taking five to eight LSAT practice tests, see where you stand and whether you would benefit from a comprehensive review or a tailored approach to target only areas of weakness.
Weeks 1-4: Take five to eight practice tests total and assess your preparation needs.
Weeks 5-8: Take one to two practice tests per week and begin a tutoring or self-study program that addresses specific needs.
Weeks 9-12: Continue taking practice tests, but adding a practice test per week to total two to three tests per week. Continue to address specific areas of weakness by reviewing tests and doing targeted practice problems.
Weeks 13-16: Take at least three practice tests per week. Extra study time should be spent primarily reviewing practice tests.
学生2:几乎没有经验的学生但是在标准化考试中表现良好的历史。许多在过去的标准化考试中表现良好的学生——尤其是那些测试语言技能的学生——比如SAT、GRE和GMAT——很可能能够独立完成部分LSAT考试。在参加了5到8次LSAT的实践测试之后，看看你的立场和你是否会从全面的评估中受益，或者仅仅针对那些薄弱的领域。
1 - 4:周进行5到8次的练习测试，并评估你的准备需求。
5 - 8周:每周进行一到两次的练习测试，开始一个针对特定需求的辅导或自学计划。
9 - 12周:继续进行练习测试，但每周增加一次练习测试，每周2 - 3次。继续通过检查测试和做有针对性的实践问题来解决特定的薄弱环节。
13 - 16周:每周至少做三次练习。额外的学习时间应该主要用于复习练习测试。
Student 3: A student who is in the process of completing or has completed an LSAT prep course.For these students, the conceptual work should be mostly done. The goal for the remaining time before the test is reinforcement of key concepts and consistent practice.
Weeks 1-4: Review major concepts from your prep course and take one to two practice tests per week.
Weeks 5-8: Review minor concepts from your prep course and take one to two practice tests per week.
Weeks 9-12: Continue taking practice tests, adding a practice test per week to total two to three tests per week. Review practice tests thoroughly by reviewing every question you got wrong, every logical reasoning question that took more than two minutes to solve, and every logic game and passage that took more than 11 minutes to complete
Weeks 13-16: Take at least three practice tests per week. Review practice tests by reviewing every question you got wrong.
学生3:正在完成或已完成LSAT预备课程的学生。对这些学生来说，概念性的工作应该多做。测试前剩余时间的目标是强化关键概念和一致的实践。
1 - 4周:复习你的预备课程的主要概念，每周进行一到两次的练习测试。
5- 8周:复习准备课程的小概念，每周进行一到两次的练习测试。
9 - 12周:继续进行练习测试，每周增加一次练习测试，每周2 - 3次。通过回顾你所犯的每一个问题，每一个需要花费超过两分钟时间来解决的逻辑推理问题，以及每一场耗时超过11分钟的逻辑游戏和段落，来彻底复习练习测试。
周13 - 16:每周至少做三次练习。复习练习测试你的每一个问题。
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