中考英语易错题(19)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林
1. lonely
[误]She wanted to do her homework lonely.
[正]She wanted to do her homework alone
[析]lonely意为“寂寞的”、“孤单的”，如：The old man felt lonely. alone则意为“独自的”、“单独的”，如：He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.
2. long
[误]I have been studying long for the exam.
[正]I have been studying for a long time for the exam.
[析]long用作表达时间的副词时，在否定句及疑问句中最常用，但在肯定句中除与so, too, as ... as连用外，一般要用for a long time.
[误]I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.
[正]I'll call you as long as the book is returned.
[析]as ... as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。
[误]How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
[正]How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.
[析]因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率，要用how often.
3. look
look for, find
look for 侧重于“寻找”这个动作，如：What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果，如：It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for，因为真正困难的是“找到”工作。
其他用法还有：
[例]He often looks back on his high school days.
[析]look back on something 为“回顾”、“回想”。
[例]I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.
[析]look down on (upon) 为“看不起”某人或某事。
[误]I'm looking forward to see you.
[正]I'm looking forward to seeing you.
[析]look forward to词组中的to是介词，所以其后要加名词或动名词，不能接不定式。
4. lot
[误]I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.
[正]I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.
[析]much money多用于疑问句与否定句中，而在肯定句中要用a lot of. lots of 与a lot of之间无多大区别，两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词，所以常常可以互换。
[误]He is more happier now.
[正]He is a lot happier now.
[析]不可用more来修饰比较级，能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。
5. make
[误]The little boy was made repeat the whole story.
[正]The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.
[误]The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.
[正]The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.
[析]make 的句型为“make somebody do (doing) something”。但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。
[误]I always do this mistake.
[正]I always make this mistake.
[析]英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词，do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时，如：do a favour(帮个忙)，do one's best(竭尽全力)，do good(有益)，do harm(有害)，而多数情况下常用make, 如：make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed(收拾床)，make a noise, make money等等。
[误]This wine was made of grapes.
[正]This wine was made from grapes.
[析]当成品制成后，其原料的性质有所改变时应用make from，否则用make of，如：This door was made of iron.
[误]Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.
[正]Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.
[析]make up是“创造”、“编织”，而make up for是“弥补……的不足之处”。上句应译为“勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。”
[误]We made up our mind to study hard.
[正]We made up our minds to study hard.
[析]mind这里是可数名词，使用时要特别予以注意make up one's mind是“下定决心”之意。
[误]Our class is made of twenty girls and twenty one boys.
[正]Our class is made up of twenty girls and twenty one boys.
[析]make up of ... 是“某物由……组成或构成”。
6. many
[误]I have many friends.
[正]I have a lot of friends.
[析]many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中，而在肯定句中则用处不多，尤其在非正式谈话中。如：
--- How much money have you got?
--- I've got plenty.
[误]You bought much too tomatoes.
[正]You bought too many tomatoes.
[析]too many后接可数名词，too much后接不可数名词，而much too后面接形容词，意为“太多”。
[误]For many a weeks it rained a lot.
[正]For many a week it rained a lot.
[析]many a意为“好多”、“许多”，但其后面要加单数名词。
7. matter
[误]No matter what you did.
[正]No matter what you did, I trusted you.
[析]No matter是个词组，意为“不论”，它的语法功能是起连接作用，所以不能用于一个单独的句子。it doesn't matter这个词组则不是一个连接词组，所以可以和一个单句连用，如：It doesn't matter what you say. (你说什么都不要紧。)
8. maybe
[误]May be he is right.
[正]Maybe he is right.
[析]maybe是副词，不要错用为may be.
maybe, perhaps
这两个词的词意一样，maybe常用于非正式谈话，而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如： Maybe / Perhaps the weather will get better. 而Julius Caesar is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.
9. mend
[误]I want to have my bike mended.
[正]I want to have my bike repaired.
[析]mend意为“缝补”，如：My mother mended my coat. 而repair是“修理”。
10. mind
[误]Could you mind to close the door?
[正]Could you mind closing the door?
[误]Try to make up your mind studying hard.
[正]Try to make up your mind to study hard.
[析]mind用作动词时，其后加动名词;而用作名词意为“下定决心”时，其后要加不定式。要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语：如果你不介意，应回答“No, go ahead.”如果你不想让对方吸烟，则应讲“Yes, please don't.”
作者简介：葛林，男，中学英语高级教师，曾在《21世纪英语报》《英语学习》《英语沙龙》等报刊杂志发表教学辅导类文章数十篇，并参与数项省部级科研课题，主要致力于初中英语中考及解题方法、技巧等教学方面的研究。
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