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　Questions 1-9
　　In 1903 the members of the governing board of the University of Washington. in
　　Seattle. engaged a firm of landscape architects, specialists in the design of outdoor
　　environments--OImsted Brothers of Brookline, Massachusetts-to advise them on an
　　Line appropriate layout for the university grounds. The plan impressed the university officials,
　　(5) and in time many of its recommendations were implemented. City officials in Seattle, the largest city in the northwestern United States, were also impressed, for they employed the same organization to study Seattle's public park needs. John Olmsted did the investigation
　　and subsequent report on Seattle's parks. He and his brothers believed that parks should
　　be adapted to the local topography, utilize the area's trees and shrubs, and be available to
　　(10) the entire community. They especially emphasized the need for natural, serene settings
　　where hurried urban dwellers could periodically escape from the city. The essence of the
　　Olmsted park plan was to develop a continuous driveway, twenty miles long, that would
　　tie together a whole series of parks, playgrounds, and parkways. There would be local
　　parks and squares, too, but all of this was meant to supplement the major driveway,
　　(15) which was to remain the unifying factor for the entire system.
　　In November of 1903 the city council of Seattle adopted ...

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　Questions 10-19 　　No two comets ever look identical, but they have basic features in common, one of the 　　most obvious of which is a coma. A coma looks like a misty, patch of light with one or more 　　tails often streaming from it in the direction away from the Sun. 　　Line At the heart of a comet's coma lies a nucleus of solid material, typically no more than 　　(5) 10 kilometers across. The visible coma is a huge cloud of gas and dust that has escaped 　　from the nucleus, which it then surrounds like an extended atmosphere. The coma can extend as far as a million kilometers outward from the nucleus. Around the coma there is often an even larger invisible envelope of hydrogen gas. 　　The most graphic proof that the grand spectacle of a comet develops from a relatively 　　(10) small and inconspicuous chunk of ice and dust was the close-up image obtained in 1986 by the European Giotto probe of the nucleus of Halley's Comet. It turned out to be a bit like a 　　very dark asteroid, measuring 16 by 8 kilometers. Ices have evaporated from its outer layers 　　to leave a crust of nearly black dust all over the surface. Bright jets of gas from evaporating 　　ice burst out on the side facing the Sun, where the surface gets heated up, carrying dust 　　(15) with them. This is how the coma and the tails are created. 　　Comets grow tails only when they get warm enough for ice and dust to boil off. As a 　　comet's orbit brings it closer to the Sun, first the coma grows, then two distinct tails usually ...

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2011年新托福考试网考关于重考和成绩寄送的规定

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2011年新托福考试网考关于重考和成绩寄送的规定

06-03

标签： 2011年新托福考试网考

　　许多刚开始接触新托福考试的朋友都需要增加对考试常识、规定的了解，下面是有关2011年新托福网考重考和考试成绩寄送的信息，供各位参考。

　　2011年新托福考试网考信息：

　　1、免费重考

　　发生异常情况导致托福网考无法按时进行或无法完成考试，或无法对考试进行评分的，这些情况可能包括但不限于考试实施失误(考试安排、考试资料和考试设备等方面导致)，不可抗力(自然灾害、流行病疫情或其他紧急情况)，由ETS评估确认后给予受影响考生一次免费重新考试的机会。免费重考的时间和地点由ETS安排注册。对于新安排的重考，考生因故不能参加，可申请取消重考退还全部考试费或一次免费更改考试。

　　2、考试成绩

　　通常情况下，考生可在托福网考结束约15个工作日后登陆报名网站查询成绩。ETS正式打印的成绩单随后将发到各考场供考生领取。需要寄送成绩单的考生，可事先与考场管理人员约定办理成绩单有偿寄送事宜。

　　3、其他服务项目

　　注册参加托福网考的考生还可选择另外付费提供的服务，包括增送成绩、恢复已取消成绩、口语和作文复议等，详见考生手册和报名程序。

　　相关信息

　　考生如对考试服务(包括考试报名、考试实施、考场设施、监考人员等)不满意或认为其权益受到了侵害，请向教育部考试中心托福网考呼叫中心提出投诉。教育部考试中心托福网考呼叫中心电话：86-10-62798822，传真：86-10-62798822-1-3或86-10-82520250。教育部考试中心托福网考报名网站：

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