出国留学网专题频道犹太教栏目，提供与犹太教相关的所有资讯，希望我们所做的能让您感到满意！ 犹太教（Judaism）是世界三大一神信仰（天启宗教）中，最早而且最古老的宗教，也是犹太民族的生活方式及信仰。犹太教的主要诫命与教义，来自《托拉》（妥拉），即圣经的前五卷书。托拉，英文：Torah。犹太教信奉的是耶和华神，希伯来语称“יהוה”。托拉广义上指耶和华神启示给以色列人的真义，亦指耶和华神启示给人类教导与指引。狭义上指《旧约》的首五卷（犹太人不称旧约），又称律法书或《摩西五经》即《创世记》、《出埃及记》、《利未记》、《民数记》和《申命记》。犹太教（Judaism），旧称挑筋教、蓝帽回回，是在公元前2000年西亚地区的游牧民族希伯来人中产生的。犹太教最重要的教义，在于只有一位神，即无形并且永恒的上帝。他愿所有的人，行公义，好怜悯，因为上帝按照他的形象造人，所以人都应该有尊严且受到尊敬地对待。犹太人以学习及祈祷来侍奉上帝，同时遵行摩西五经上所指引的诫命。与世界上其他宗教不一样，犹太教普世性较弱，不主动到外族人中传教，坚持皈依犹太教者必须通过考验才可以。他们“传教”的对象是已经不遵守犹太教规的犹太人。这些人可能是因为居住在没有其他犹太人的地方而入乡随俗，或与外教的人结婚。传教者鼓励他们重新遵守犹太习性。
本文来自雅思口语网liuxue86.com《Shavuot（五旬节）》。 Shavuot the 5th day of Sivan , fifty days after Passover (Jewish world)The Yom Tov begins at sundown of the 5th day of Sivan (息汪月, 即犹太教历3月,犹太国历9月,在公历5、6月间,共30天), exactly fifty days after Passover (犹太教的逾越节).
Shavuot, the Feast of the Weeks, is the Jewish holiday celebrating the harvest season in Israel. Shavuot, which means "weeks", refers to the timing of the festival which is held exactly 7 weeks after Passover. Shavuot is known also as Yom Habikkurim, or "the Day of the First Fruits", because it is the time the farmers of Israel would bring their first harvest to Jerusalem as a token of thanksgiving.
Shavuot also commemorates the anniversary of the giving of the Ten Commandments to Moses (十诫, 犹太教、基督教的诫条) and the Israelites at Mount Sinai (西奈山,基督教《圣经》中记载的上帝授予摩西十诫之处).
Many of the traditions and customs of Shavuot have evolved from the legends and stories describing the experiences of the Israelites at Mount Sinai. According to tradition the Israelites actually overslept on the morning of God's visit. To compensate for this negligence, Jews hold a vigil on the eve of Shavuot. They stay awake from dusk to dawn, keeping themselves busy with the readings of the Torah (律法，圣经旧约之首五卷) and the Talmud (犹太法典). A digest of readings has evolved called Tikkun Leil Shavuot, the "Restoration of Shavuot Eve," which includes selections from the Torah, the Prophets, the Talmud, and the Zohar (《光明篇》,犹太教神秘主义对摩西五书的注疏).
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