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公务员申论写作技巧：申论申发论述结尾段如何书写
申论考试中的最后一题多为大作文，又称申发论述题型，而申发论述的结尾段是一篇文章的最后的点睛之笔，其写作内容的优劣直接关乎到我们分数。今天小编带你走进结尾段的“世界”。
一、明确基本要求
1、简洁、清晰：将作文的主题进行重申，注重内在的逻辑性，不要出现病句;且字数多为120-150字。
2.总结全文：结尾中必须重现总论点或总结分论点，做到前后呼应。
3.升华主题：结尾的最后一句要将文章上升思想境界，可以与国家的一些战略目标进行联立，体现其重要性。
二、写作方法
1、引言式：引出名言警句、国家领导人讲话+重复总论点+谈意义/对策+升华
以2018省考题目为例。
“给定资料6”中提到：“当一件件文物、一幅幅佳作走出高墙深闺，来到寻常百姓中间，虽然它的容颜依旧，它的价值却早已跨越了市场定位，带给百姓的不仅仅是自豪，还有自信，让他们更加坚定地沿着自己民族的道路走向未来。”请你从对这句话引发的思考说开去，自拟题目，写一篇议论文。(40分)
要求：自选角度，立意明确;思路清晰，语言流畅;联系实际，不拘泥于给定资料;字数1000～1200字。
总论点：实现文化共享，坚定民族自信道路
分论点1：文化共享要提升文化亲和力，滋润百姓生活。
分论点2：文化共享要提升文化影响力，助力文化产业发展。
分论点3：文化共享要提升文化竞争力，提升民族文化自信。
写法展示：
习近平总书记指出:“我们要坚持道路自信、理论自信、制度自信，最根本的是文化自信。”这意味着作为一种基础、广泛、而又深厚的文化自信，我们需要让其走出封闭状态，接受公众的观赏，让公众共享。而实现这种共享文化需要符合互联网产品的生态，集多方主体之力创新文化的发展，最终增强百姓的自豪自信，让他们更加坚定地沿着自己民族的道路走向未来。
2、案例式：罗列案例+重复总论点+谈意义/对策+升华。
写法展示：
从飞入寻常百姓家的“王谢堂前燕”，到海昏侯墓的考古挖掘，公众在线共享，再到故宫博物院的268件文物接受公众的检阅，无不说明文化共享已成趋势。通过文化共享不仅能提升文化亲和力，滋润百姓生活;也能提升文化影响力，优化产业转型升级;更能提升文化竞争力，让民族发展之路走的更远更好。
3、比喻式：主题词进行比喻+重复总论点+谈意义/对策+升华。
写法展示：
文化是提升百姓自豪自信的源泉;文化是提升产业转型升级的的关键;文化是提升民族凝聚力和向心力的保障。在文化传承过程中，需以共享为策，为文化发展保驾护航。即要做到顺应互联网产品的生态，又要集多方主体之力，坚持共享文化，唯有如此方能实现真正的实现文化自信。
推荐阅读：
为什么对于很多准备出国留学的同学来说，很多同学会选择考托福，而托福考试中的独立写作也是非常重要的，那么接下来就和出国留学网的小编来看看2018年托福写作独立写作的结尾段怎么写？
为什么独立写作结尾段要重申观点？
小编之所以强调大家要在托福独立写作的结尾段做好首尾呼应重申观点，是因为独立写作从题材要求上来看本质还是议论文，而议论文对于文章结构和论点都有较高要求。考生在开头段阐明的观点，通过几个中间段落的论述后在结尾段再次重申，这样的写法才是比较标准且容易获得高分的正确写法。因此，托福独立写作的结尾段一定要做到重申观点。
托福独立写作结尾段写法实例分析
话题1
Grades encourage students to learn
结尾段写法
Concerning all the details mentioned above， there is every reason to believe that grades contribute much to stimulating a student’s passion for learning
如果大家的写作剩余时间实在很紧张，可以将文章开头的陈述观点的句子写到到段尾重申，作为呼应。不要出现I think...这种句式。
话题2
Choose a job： one with more vacation time ， or one with high paying but less vacation time ？
结尾段写法
All in all， the reasons listed above come together to support my viewpoint. From a certain angle， it is rational to believe that a job with more vacation time is better than a job with high salary but long working hours.
如果考生需要多写一些单词，可以写此句型，All in all总之，概括的说。rational 理性的，有理的
话题3
Teachers should be paid according to their students’ performance
结尾段写法
As a result， a number of factors ought to be taken into consideration before such an innovative proposal is finally passed and implemented. Bearing in mind the merits as well as the negative possibilities elaborated above， I would render my support to the notion that teachers can be paid on the...
托福独立写作对于很多同学来说开头和结尾段是很难写的，为了帮助大家，出国留学网的小编整理了这方面的模板，希望能帮到大家，那么下面就来看看托福独立写作模板：开头和结尾段。
托福独立写作开头中间结尾模板
开头：
1、In response to the problem， some people may argue that___ But is it？ Close analysis does not bear out the argument.
2、To choose A or choose B is something of a dilemma to the public because they sometimes are confused by the seemingly good qualities of B， and neglect the genuinely good aspects of A.
3、 There is no denying the fact that whether to choose A or B is better is a popular topic which has caused heated debate over a long period of time （because it affects everybody in his or her daily lives）.
Although it seems that sometimes we cannot tell which one outweighs the other between A and B， they deserve some close e are no less than three advantages in A as rendered below：
中间：
1、 For B， people are often driven to believe that ……. （As a proverb says， “Everything has two sides”.） Although B does have its seemingly profound advantages， at the mean time there lies intrinsic harmful characteristics in it such as …… Some experts maintain that……. This significant point， however， is often not noticed by public. And accordingly， is unconsciously overlooked. What is more， if you notice the invisible benefits of choosing A， you can understand A more deeply.
...
为了帮助考生解决托福考试作文部分的疑问，出国留学网小编整理了相关的资料，希望可以帮助考生度过考试的难关，下面是小编搜集的托福综合写作结尾句式模板的相关资讯，欢迎参考!
托福综合写作模板：结尾段写作模板
In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is in valid and misleading. To make the argument more convincing, the arguer would have to prove that_____. Moreover, I would suspend my judgment about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence that_____. Otherwise, the arguer is simply begging the question throughout the argument.
To conclude, the argument is not persuasive as it stands. Before we accept the conclusion, the arguer must present more facts that_____. To solidify the argument, the arguer would have to produce more evidence concerning____.
As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To make it logically acceptable, the arguer would have to demonstrate that ____. Additionally, the arguer must provide evidence to _____.
To sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To strengthen the argument the arguer would have to provide more evidence concerning that_____.
In conclusion, t...
为了帮助考生解决托福考试写作部分的疑问，出国留学网小编整理了相关的资料，希望可以帮助考生度过考试的难关，下面是小编搜集的托福写作考试模板的相关资讯，欢迎参考!
托福写作模板：
开头结尾段模板及句式
新托福综合写作模板:开头段模板
In this argument, the arguer concludes that ______. To support the conclusion, the arguer points out that______. In addition, the arguer reasons that_____.This argument suffers from several critical fallacies.
In this argument, the arguer recommends that_____.To justify this claim, the arguer provides the evidence that ____. In addition, he cites the result of a recent study that _____. A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless the conclusion is.
In this analysis, the arguer claims that ____. To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer cites the example that____. In addition, the arguer assumes that ____. This argument is unconvincing for several critical flaws.
In this argument, the arguer advocates that ____. The recommendation is based on the observation that_____. Meanwhile, the arguer assumes that____. The argument is problematic for two reasons.
The conclusion in this argument is that_____. In support of this prediction, the arguer claims that _____.Moreover, the arguer assumes that_____. This argument is fraught with vague, oversimplified and unwarranted assumptions.
新托福综合写作模板:结尾段模板
In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is in valid and misleading. To make the argument ...
托福写作的结尾段可谓是起到了“画龙点睛”的作用，出国留学网托福栏目的小编为您整理“托福写作高分结尾段模板”，希望对大家有所帮助!
托福写作高分作文经典结尾段模板 ，在托福写作中，由于考生多卷子也多，阅卷老师更多的关注点在结尾段。若能写出漂亮的结尾段，肯定更能得到阅卷老师的青睐噢。一般的结尾段模式：重申立场+总结理由。
经典结尾段模板一：
Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.
经典结尾段模板二：
It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.
经典结尾段模板三：
In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices.
托福作文栏目推荐：
托福写作的开头和结尾部分是非常重要的，为了帮助考生们更加有效的备考托福，出国留学网托福考试栏目为大家提供“怎么写托福写作结尾段才能起到点睛作用”，希望考生们能有所收获。
托福写作句型一：回答问题 answer the question
E.g.1
When a country develops its technology; the traditional skills and ways of life die out.It is pointless to try and keep them alive.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
In conclusion， without suggesting that all technology is necessarily good， I think it is by no means ‘ pointless’， in any way， to try to keep traditions alive with technology.We should not ignore technology， because it can be our friend and support our way of life.
这个结尾段落明确的提出了自己的观点，不是所有的科技都是好的，但是科技也不是完全没有用处的。
托福写作句型二：不要添加新的信息 not apply any new information
E.g.2
Happiness is considered to be very important in life.
Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?
Like self-awareness， this is also very difficult to achieve， but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness.
用1句话明确自己的观点，幸福很难定义，可能有两个因素起到作用。
托福写作句型三：2-3个句子为宜 2-3 sentences are enough
E.g.3
Some people believe that children’s leisure activities must be educational; otherwise they are a complete waste of time.
Do you agree or disagree?
Finally， I think it is also important to remember that children need to relax as well as work.If everything t...
为了帮助考生更好的备考雅思写作，出国留学网雅思栏目为大家带来“考官实例讲解雅思写作最精致结尾段写法”，希望对大家有所帮助哦!
Task:Extreme sports such as sky diving and skiing are very dangerous and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?
以下是雅思前考官simon的9分范文：
In recent years, extreme sports have become increasingly popular, and some people argue that governments should prohibit them. I completely disagree with the idea that these sports are too dangerous, and I therefore believe that they should not be banned.
In my opinion, so-called extreme sports are not as dangerous as many people think. All sports involve some element of risk, and there should always be clear regulations and safety procedures to reduce the possibility of accidents. People who take part in extreme sports are usually required to undergo appropriate training so that the dangers are minimised. For example, anyone who wants to try skydiving will need to sign up for lessons with a registered club, and beginners are not allowed to dive solo; they must be accompanied by an experienced professional. Finally, the protective equipment and technology used in sports from motor racing to mountain climbing is constantly improving safety.
While I support regulations and safety measures, I believe that it would be wrong, and almost impossible, to ban extreme sports. In the first place, we should all be free to decide how we spend our leisure time; as long as we understand the risks, I do not beli...
托福作文也需要不断的练习与积累，为了帮助考生们更加有效的备考托福，出国留学网托福考试栏目为大家提供“托福写作结尾段构思思路整理”，希望考生们能有所收获。
一、重申立场
“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life。”
In conclusion， given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals， a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working smarter， by setting priorities， and by making suitable career choices。
二、重申立场+总结理由
“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society， schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities。”
In conclusion， schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of study augment and enhance learning in mathematics and science， as well as helping to preserve the richness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover， disciplines within the humanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and for determining its proper direction。
三、让步+重申立场
“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance， not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity。”
In the final analysis， the statement correctly identifies job per...
托福作文也需要不断的练习与积累，为了帮助考生们更加有效的备考托福，出国留学网托福考试栏目为大家提供“托福写作之结尾段的漂亮写法解析”，希望考生们能有所收获。
托福写作结尾段的两个部分：
1. 再次陈述主题。用 paraphrase 方式再次呈现主题陈述中出现的三要素: a.问题中存在争议的地方; b.观点;c.理由。
2. 结束句。放在陈述完主题之后。
托福写作结尾段的三种构思方法：
一. 托福写作的最后总结教训或提出建议
In conclusion, whether to imitate or vary from others to achieve success, it hinges mostly on the occupations we engage in. For jobs like doctors that require routine practices, it is unnecessary for them to make alterations to become successful. Whereas artists like painters whose works are characteristic of creativity and imagination, it is of crucial importance to distinguish from others to succeed.
二. 提出令人忧虑的结果或可能出现的负面结果
假设读者没有想作者说的那样去做，在结论中提出将会出现的负面结果，帮助读者预见到令人忧虑的后果，进而令读者自然第接受作者的意见。
e.g., To summarize, on one hand, for artists who are fortunate to profit immensely from their occupation, it is unnecessary for the government to offer additional financial incentives for them. On the other hand, government should provide financial support and appropriate policies to impoverished artists who engage in conventional craftsmanship because these are viewed as national treasure and cultural heritage of the country. If the government did not support those unfortunate traditional artists, the valuable conventional forms of arts would disappear very soon.
三. 提出问题留待读者思考
In concl...
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