2014考研英语冲刺：阅读理解方法指导

　　2014年考研报名已经开始，离考试的日子越来越近，面对英语这科考研必考的重要科目，出国留学网考研频道为即将考研的朋友编辑整理了“2014考研英语冲刺：阅读理解方法指导”，希望对广大考友有所帮助!

　　逻辑推理题在考研英语当中考察了考生的判断、推理、引申能力，推理题通常题干上有三个典型词，即infer，imply和conclusion。如：What can you infer from the story? 或What is the implied meaning of this sentence? We can draw the conclusion from the passage that…, 推理性问题原文中没有现成的答案。只能自己推想出来，但不能凭空瞎想，必须以原文中某句话或某个词语为依据去合理推测才能找到答案。

　　一、解题方法

　　a. 要做好推理判断题，要求考生能够充分理解阅读文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据。考生应该在领会全文的基础上作出正确的推理和判断;

　　b. 要理解文章的字面意思，弄清上下文的整体逻辑;其次，在阅读过程中要一定要留意那些似乎话中有话的间接表达句，它们往往采用说半句、打比喻、反过来讲的方式，留有让考生自己作结论或推理的余地，同时要留意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子。同学们对作者表达的意思不能一下看透，它们往往是命题点所在;

　　c. 要精读读题干，充分了解题目要求我们进行推理和判断的内容，以免白费力气;

　　d. 仔细挖掘作者隐藏在文章中的一些重要涵义，切勿用自己的主观判断来代替文章内容。

　　二、解题步骤

　　第一步：通读全文，尤其是首末段，迅速得知文章的主旨大意;

　　第二步：通读选项，在每个选项下边用笔标记本选项的大致中文意思，以做到心中有数，至少应该能知道可以供考生选择的选项的意思范围，并且在很短的时间里找到考生想找到的选项;

　　第三步：迅速找到定位段落，重点关注定位段落的段落中心句和转折等逻辑关系后的内容，因为推理引申题的答案一般的对文章或是段落中心句的同义替换;

　　第四步：在时间允许的情况下，明确该题你所排除的选项的错误之处，进而进一步确定你所选答案是否正确。因为考研阅读选的是最佳答案，考生最好是在全面衡量四个选项之后确定这个答案。

　　三、判断、推理和引申原则有两种题型：

　　1)三正一误结构

　　要求考生判断哪一个选项与文章不符。检验答案时有两种方式，一是正确选项所给的信息在文中根本没有提到过，二是正确选项所给信息与文中其他内容相互冲突。

　　例2(1996年第56题)：

　　With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can now watch the Corporation’s news coverage, as well as listening to it。

　　And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBC national radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music, news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programmes and films for an annual license fee of ￡83 per household。

　　It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years—yet the BBC's future is now in doubt. The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain。

　　The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC—including ordinary listeners and viewers—to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC’s royal charter runs out in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes。

　　Defenders of the Corporation—of whom there are many—are fond of quoting the American slogan “If it ain’t broken, don't fix it。” The BBC “ain’t broke”， they say, by which they mean it is not broken (as distinct from the word ‘broke’, meaning having no money)， so why bother to change it?

　　Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. The commercial TV channels—TV and Channel 4—were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term。