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高考英语主旨大意题答题技巧
我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是
常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea， mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。
一、主要内容型
[技巧点拨]弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。
找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。
找主题句的四个小窍门：
1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。
2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。
3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4.表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus， in short，conclude， conclusion等。
经典例题
1. That’s when Jack arrived on the scene. He was different from any other guy I’d dated. He could sit for hours on the piano bench with my mother, discussing some composers. My brother Rick loudly announced that Jack wasn’t a turkey like the other guys I’d brought home. Jack passed my family’s test. But what about Dad’s?
What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. Jack got the family’s approval except Dad’s.
B. Jack was different from any other boy.
C. Jack was getting on well with Mother.
D. Jack knew a lot about piano.
答案：A
解析：通过第二段的内容可知Jack赢得了作者全家人的欣赏，但由于作者的父亲已去世，作者不知道Jack在父亲那儿是否也能通过，故A正确。
2. Have you ever been to the world’s smallest bookstore?
The world’s smallest bookstore, whose official name is just these three words, sits quietly about 100 miles northeast of Toronto.
What’s the passage mainly about?
A. The world’s smallest bookstore.
B. A strange way of selling books.
C. The popular books nowadays.
D. The popular bookstores in the world
答案：A
解析：文章第一段用一个问句引出了本文的主题：你去过世界上最小的图书馆吗?后文对该图书馆做了详细的描述，所以本文的主题就是A项。
3. It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay S5 for a caramel brul6e latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情)，but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds，why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually，we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character. We infer characters that weren’t there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance (符合)with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegufs advice： “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. ’’
What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behavior and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
答案：C
解析：本文的第一段提出普遍观点“行为来自个性和态度”，第二段含but的首句才是本文要提出的观点，“行为来自个性这是不可否认的，但在许多情况下，我们会作出推论：我们是谁”，第三段和第四段说“我们的行为还来自于我们周围人的压力，可能并不是我们真实的愿望”即“行为不一定来自个性”，因此，全文是说“行为与个性之间的关系”。 另外，文中不断复现的词即为本文的关键词，是讨论的中心。behavior (行为)共出现了8次(act一次, behavior六次, behave一次)，personalities(个性)以近义的形式复现了6次(inner dispositions, character, characters, inner disposition, true desires)，因此，本文主要讨论的是behavior和personalities，故选C。
二.文章标题型
文章标题就是对文章的主要意思的概括，因此，解答这类题的方法与解答主旨要义题的方法基本相同，都是寻找主题句，或归纳主要内容。
但主要内容题(main idea， mainly about)的选项多用句子的形式，而标题多用短语(特别是名词短语)的形式，且具有以下3个特点：
(1)概括性：准确而又简短。
(2)针对性：内容范围相符，“帽子”不大不小。
(3)醒目性：新颖奇特，能引发读者急迫的阅读欲望。
推敲选项正误的4个小窍门：
1.正确选项一般含有抽象名词或概括性词语，不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
2.概括全面、范围一致、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。
3.四个选项中，内容完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。
4.干扰项特点：
(1) 概括范围太窄，只含局部信息或某个细节;
(2) 概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容;
(3)无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。
经典例题
1. It’s not easy, even desperate.
“We have many children left to place: 40 out of 75,” said Straub, who works for a Paris-based foreign exchange programme called LEC.
When exchange programme started 50 years ago, family life was more accommodating. For one thing, more mothers stayed home. But now, increasing numbers of women work outside the home. Exchange-student programs have struggled in recent years to sign up host families for the 30,000 teenagers who annually come from abroad to spend their academic year in the United States, as well as the thousands more who participate in summer programmes.
Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A. Exchange Students Keep Old People Young
B. Idea of Hosting Students Is Different
C. Foreign-exchange Program Is Going On
D. US Struggles to Find Host Families
答案：D
解析：根据第二段It’s not easy, even desperate.及下文描述的未来在美国的交换生申请寄宿家庭越来越困难及其原因和相应对策，可知 D项可以概括文章的内容，适合作文章标题。
2. 3D printing is one of the latest and most remarkable developments in a technology that is rapidly changing how things get produced. Here are some of amazing things hewing done today use 3D printing technology.
In spite of the uses of 3D printing above, the technology still has its limits.It can't create complex objects such as an Apple Phone.
Which is probably the best title of the passage?
A. The limitations of 3D printing
B. The disadvantages of 3D printing
C. The uses of 3D printer;
D. The future of 3D printing
答案：C
解析：根据第一段最后一句话“Here are some of amazing things hewing done today use 3D printing technology.”及最后一段中的“In spite of the uses of 3D printing above…”可知本文主要是介绍3D打印技术的用途，故C项表述正确。
三.写作目的型
这类题的题干中常有purpose, 或者后面接有表示目的的动词不定式,如:intend to, meant to，(in order) to等。
[技巧点拨]
我们可以根据文章的主旨和体裁来推断作者的写作目的。因此,文章的首尾段或每段的首尾是阅读的重点,作者的写作意图往往就隐含在其中。
作者写文章的目的通常有三种，与之对应的文章如下：
(1) to entertain readers(使读者愉悦、发笑)：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。
(2) to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点)：常见于广告或议论文。广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等;议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。
(3) to inform readers(告知读者某些信息)：多见于新闻报道类﹑科普类﹑文化类或社会类的文章，以及劝告性或建议性的文章。
经典例题
1. So, what makes a good documentary, and what should we pay attention to when we watch one? Here, we offer a few easy strategies to help you get the most out of watching documentaries.
The passage is mainly written to ______.
A. inform us of factors of good documentaries.
B. help us enjoy documentaries better.
C. introduce ways of making documentaries.
D. help us figure out themes of documentaries.
答案：B
解析：根据文中第三段最后一句话“Here, we offer a few easy strategies to help you get the most out of watching documentaries.”可知答案为B项，本文主要是为了帮助我们更好地了解和观看纪录片。
2. Johannes’ predicament(困境) was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children’s Village as part of their winter campaign to gather donations to send much-needed coats and blankets to help Syrian children get through the winter. Many of the refugees(难民)have left their homes without winter clothing.
What’s the purpose of the experiment?
A. To make the boy famous.
B. To appeal to more people to help children in Syria.
C. To make a film.
D. To make the boy stronger.
答案：B
解析：根据倒数第二段的第一句“Johannes’ predicament(困境) was a hidden…get through the winter.”可知，这个实验的目的是呼吁更多的人去帮助那些在叙利亚难民营中的小孩度过寒冬，故选B项。
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