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2020考研英语：重点长难句解析4
17. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands.
【词汇进步】M&A 为mergers and acquisitions 的缩写表示合并和兼并的意思为经济术语。
underlie 构成…的基础导致…发生。例如：The social problems underlying these crises remain unsolved.(引起这些危机的社会问题尚未解决。)
trade and investment barriers 贸易和投资壁垒
globalization process 全球化进程(可以作为写作词汇使用)
【主干识别】I believe that+宾语从句
【其他成分】the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same 为宾语从句主干that underlie the globalization process为定语从句“：”后为对forces的解释
【微观解析】三种力量的并列为falling transportation and communication costs,以及lower trade and investment barriers 和 enlarged markets后面接一个定语从句 that require enlarged operations和后置定语形容词短语：capable of meeting customers demands
【难点揭秘】并列的三种力量，由于修饰语比较长和并列连词较多使其解析较难
【译文赏析】我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的重要的推动力和促进全球化进程的力量是一样的：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及为能满足消费者需求而大幅度拓展得市场。
18. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
【词汇进步】auditors 审计人员
distract 分散注意力
【主干识别】It is entirely reasonable to believe that +宾语从句. 形式主语从句
【其他成分】for auditors 状语scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.宾语从句。
【微观解析】scientists should not be distracted 宾语从句主干who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰scientistwhere they are going and how they will get there定语从句中know的宾语从句by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语of keeping one eye on the cash register修饰the necessity 作定语。while the other eye is on the microscope状语修饰keeping。
【难点揭秘】主语从句中出现定语从句，定语从句中出现并列的宾语这样隔离的障碍就更为显著了。
【译文赏析】审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。
【翻译点拨】by短语在句子中是充当状语，翻译为原因，where they are going and how they will get there处理为知道做什么，知道怎么做，这样的表达符合中文的习惯。如果直接翻译为：知道他们要去哪里和怎么去，就是对于字面含义的翻译。属于死译。
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