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2021考研英语：阅读巧用句的词汇技巧
一、真题例句
我们一起来看2015年英语阅读真题第一篇中的一个句子：
So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?
这段话中出现了一个奇怪的短语“the writing is on the wall”，单从字面来看，我们完全不能判定它是什么意思。但不要着急，你完全可以利用上下文的句间关系，去猜测其意义。
二、根据关系猜生词
首先，我们知道这儿有两个句子，而且都是问句。先暂且将第一个问句设定为A句;第二个问句设定为B句。然后再看A与B之间没有转折出现?没有，即可判断两句之间是并列关系，也就是AB两句其实表达的是一个意思。
其次，我们看A句的意思：“西班牙的危机是否预示着君主制已近寿终正寝?”seeing its last days直译就是“看见自己最后的时日”，意译为寿终正寝，注意现在进行时态的使用，就是快死了但是还没死。结合文章你也会发现，文章是在警告那些欧洲皇室，再瞎折腾，就离死不远了。总之，A句就是说西班牙的危机是否预示君主立宪制不好了。
最后，结合A句看B句，已经两者为并列关系，并得出如下对应关系：that指的是Spanish crisis;mean和suggest对应;European royals对应monarchy。因此，可以推出B句的 “the writing is on the wall for all European royals”等于A句中的“monarchy is seeing its last days”，就是欧洲皇室或者君主制快不好了，要玩完了。读到这个层次，你已经完全理解了这个句子的意思，即便依然不明白“the writing is on the wall”的具体含义，也知道它所传达的意思，做题完全没有问题。
三、释义详解
在此，我们给出“the writing is on the wall”的释义详解：
这是源于圣经中的一则典故，意为“注定失败”，引申为“不祥之兆，灾祸、失败或覆灭前的显著征兆”。The writing is on the wall for sb/sth，某某人或物大难临头。
例句：The writing is on the wall for old manufacturing industries. (传统手工业大难临头/日渐衰微。)
2021考研英语：阅读题型的训练技巧十二
The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘ Palaeolithic Man’， ‘Neolithic Man’， etc.， neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century， they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’。 Histories of the time will go something like this： ‘in the twentieth century， people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars， buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of their extraordinary way of life. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of their extraordinary way of life. In those days， people thought nothing of traveling hundreds of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways， ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. ‘
The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another， we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird‘s-eye view of the world – or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers， in particular， are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on： they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways， or what? And as for sea travel， it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song： ’I joined the navy to see the world， and what did I see? I saw the sea.‘ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ’I‘ve been there. ’ You mention the remotest， most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado， Kabul， Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there‘ – meaning， ’I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ‘
When you travel at high speeds， the present means nothing： you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival， when it is achieved， is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this， you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality： you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot， on the other hand， lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing： he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes， his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his： the just reward of all true travellers.
1、Anthropologists label nowaday‘s men ’Legless‘ because
A people forget how to use his legs.
B people prefer cars， buses and trains.
C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.
D there are a lot of transportation devices.
2、Travelling at high speed means
A people‘s focus on the future.
B a pleasure.
C satisfying drivers‘ great thrill.
D a necessity of life.
3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’ ?
A People won‘t use their eyes.
B In traveling at high speed， eyes become useless.
C People can‘t see anything on his way of travel.
D People want to sleep during travelling.
4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A Legs become weaker.
B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.
C There is no need to use eyes.
D The best way to travel is on foot.
5. What does ‘a bird’s-eye view‘ mean?
A See view with bird‘s eyes.
B A bird looks at a beautiful view.
C It is a general view from a high position looking down.
D A scenic place.
VOCABULARY
1.Palaeolithic 旧石器时代的
2.Neolithic 新石器时代的
3.escalator 自动电梯，自动扶梯
4.ski-lift 载送滑雪者上坡的装置
5.mar 损坏，毁坏
6.blur 模糊不清，朦胧
7.smear 涂，弄脏，弄模糊(尤指画面、轮廓等)
8.evocative 引起回忆的，唤起感情的
9.El Dorado (由当时西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黄金国，宝山，富庶之乡
10.Kabul 喀布尔(阿富汗首都)
11.Irkutsk 伊尔库茨克(原苏联亚洲城市)
一、难句译注与答案详解
The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路
二、难句译注
1.Air travel gives you a bird‘s-eye view of the world – or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way.
【参考译文】飞机旅行，你只可俯视世界――如果机翼碰巧挡住了你的视线，就看得更少了。
2.When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows.
【参考译文】如果乘车或火车旅行，郊外模糊朦胧的景象不断地掠过窗口。
三、写作方法与文章大意
文章以因果写作方法，写出了由于种种现代化交通设施、人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机……，车、机速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼成为“无脚之人”。一切都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步――经历现实。
四、答案详解
1.A 人们忘了用脚。答案在第一段：人类学家把以往年代的人们分别标上旧石器时代、新石器时代人，等等。干脆利落地总结了一个时期。当他们转向20世纪，他们肯定会标上“无脚的人”。因为在20世纪，人们忘了如何用脚走路。男人女人早年外出就坐车、公共汽车、火车。大楼里由电梯、自动扶梯，不需要人们走路。即使度假期间，他们也不用脚。他们筑有缆车道、滑雪载车和路直通山顶。所有的风景旅游区都有大型的汽车停车场。
B 人们喜欢汽车、公交车、火车等。 C 电梯、自动扶梯制止人们走路。 D 有许多交通运输工具。 2.A 人们的注意力在未来。见最后一段第一句话：当你高速旅行，现在等于零，你主要生活在未来，因为你大部分时间盯在前面到达的某个地方。真到了，又没有意义了，你还要再向前进。
B 是一种欢乐。 C 满足司机强烈的渴望。第二段中提及死机醉心于开车、不停车但不是快速前进着眼于未来。 D 生活的需要。这一条在第一段中提及这种情况是因为他们那异常的生活方法强加给时代的居民。这是指不用脚走路，而用一切代步器――交通运输工具，不是开快车。
3.C 人们在旅行途中什么都见不到。答案在第二段，由一地转向另一地，路上你什么都没有见到。乘飞机你只能俯视世界，火车，汽车，只见外界朦胧景象掠过窗子。海上旅游，只见到海。“我到过那里”此话含义就是“我以一小时一百英里在去某某地方时经过那里”。正因为如此，作者指出将来的历史书上会记录下：我们被剥夺了眼睛的应用。
A 人们不愿用眼睛。 B 在高速旅行中，眼睛没有用了。 D 旅行中，人们想睡觉。< 4.D 旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分别讲述了旅行可不用脚、不用眼等情况。第三段，在讲述了人们只知向前向前，一切经历都停滞，现实不再是现实，还不如死的好。而用脚走路的旅行者总是生活再现实，对他来说旅行和到达是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整个身体去体验现在时刻、旅行终点，他感到全身舒坦愉悦的疲劳，美美享受满足的酣睡;一切真正旅行者的真实报偿。这一段就是作者写文章的目的――走路是旅行的最佳方式。
A 脚变得软弱无力。 B 现代交通工具把世界变小。 C 没有必要用眼睛。
5.C 从高出向下看的景致：俯视。A 用鸟的眼睛看景点。 B 鸟在看美景。 D 风景点。
2021考研英语：阅读题型的训练技巧十一
Imagine asking a presidential candidate to sit down for a sensitivity session on gay and lesbian issues. That's exactly what we did last week in Austin， Texas. George W. Bush invited us， a dozen gay Republicans， after he'd refused to meet with a gay Republican group that had criticized him. Our meeting set an important precedent： never again will a major-party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues.
Bush didn't like everything we had to say. I was struck by his lack of familiarity with the issues， as well as by his desire to learn. I described how my partner， Rob Morris， and I have been in a 17-year relationship. We both come from healthy， strong， religious families. Rob grew up in a conservative Republican family in Georgia; I come from a longtime Republican family in Wisconsin. I'm now the vice president of my Lutheran church. I wanted Governor Bush to understand that long-term， loving relationships， stable families， strong faith-based traditions and Republican voting histories are all part of the gay and lesbian community.
Our stories had an impact. Bush admitted that， growing up in Texas， he had not been as open to elements of America's diverse culture. He had a narrow set of friends and a firm set of traditions. But he was surprised and dismayed to hear that people saw him as intolerant. “What have I said that sent that signal?” he asked repeatedly. We confronted him about his reported statement that if you were openly gay or lesbian you would not be considered for a job in his administration. “I never said that，” he insisted， assuring us he would hire gays and lesbians who both were qualified and shared his political views.
Our perspective was clearly eye-opening to him. When one of us talked about his lesbian sister and her partner adopting children， the governor acknowledged his often-stated belief that gays should not adopt. “Now you're telling me of a very loving， caring relationship，” he said. “I really appreciate hearing that.” We stressed that a Bush administration could not roll back any of the progress made in recent years. We talked about AIDS funding and research. Though Bush was attentive——and does show a willingness to hear all sides——I don't think we changed his positions. He still opposes gay marriage and classifying crimes against gays as hate crimes. To be honest， Bush still has a long way to go. But I think he's a lot farther along today than he was last week.
1. What is implied in the first paragraph?
[A]A gay Republican group criticized Bush for his political views.
[B]It is impossible to invite a president for discussing the gay issues.
[C]No president candidate can ignore gay and lesbian issues at the present time.
[D]Gay and lesbian issues are hot issues for the president.
2. The author uses himself as an example to show _________.
[A]what it is like in the gay and lesbian community
[B]what it is like to be a gay.
[C]what kind of a family the gays come from.
[D]what it is like to maintain a gay relationship
3. The author‘s attitude toward Bush’s performance at the meeting is _________.
[A]scornful
[B]satisfactory
[C]supporting
[D]objective
4. In spite of his careful listening， Bush still opposes the following behaviors except _________.
[A]adopting the child
[B]getting married
[C]redefining hate crimes
[D]employing the gays and lesbians
5. The text intends to express the idea that _________.
[A]the gays and lesbians long for the normal life
[B]Bush has partly changed his views about the gay issues
[C]there is still a long way to go to deal with the gay issues properly
[D]the gays has had a successful talk with Bush
一、答案与解析
1. C 推论题。本题的问题是“第一段中暗示了什么?”文章第一段首先提到了与布什的会面，接着指出，我们的会面开创了一个重要的先例，再也不会有一个主要政党的候选人可以在竞选总统时不面对同性恋问题了。由此可知，总统候选人不能再忽视同性恋问题了。[C]“没有总统候选人可以忽视目前的同性恋问题”是对文中“never again will a major party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues”这句话的改写，为正确答案。文中提到“共和党同性恋问题团体”时是说“一个批评他的共和党同性恋问题团体”，所以[A]“一个共和党同性恋问题团体因为布什的政治观点而批评他”属于偷换概念;文中是说“要求一位总统候选人就同性恋问题进行敏感的对话”，所以[B]“不可能邀请一位总统讨论同性恋问题”属于偷换概念;文中只提到总统候选人，没有提到总统，所以[D]“对于总统来说，同性恋问题是热门话题”属于偷换概念。
2. A 结构题。本题的问题是“作者用他自己作为例子，是为了说明 ”。第二段首先提到，我感到惊奇的是布什缺乏对同性恋问题的了解以及他希望了解这些问题的愿望，随后作者举了自己的例子，最后一句话说，我希望布什州长明白，长期钟爱的关系、稳定的家庭、坚定的宗教信仰传统以及共和党的选举史是男、女同性恋群体的所有组成部分。这说明，作者举自己的例子是为了让布什了解同性恋群体。[A]“同性恋群体像什么”是对该段最后一句话的概括，为正确答案。[B]“成为一名同性恋者像什么”、[C]“同性恋者来自于什么样的家庭”和[D]“维持同性恋关系像什么”都是作者举例时提到的具体内容，不是作者举例的目的。
3. B 态度题。本题的问题是“对于布什在会见时的表现，作者的态度是 ”。文章第二段提到，我同样感到惊奇的是他希望了解同性恋问题的愿望;第三段提到，他强调他从来没有说过这种话，并向我们保证，他会聘用那些能干并且与他的政治观点相同的同性恋者;最后一段提到，他确实表现出愿意倾听各方面的意见;我认为，他比上个星期进步了许多。这说明，作者对布什还是满意的。[B]“满意的”与作者的态度符合，为正确答案。 [A]“轻蔑的”与作者的态度相反;文中提到，我们没有改变他的立场，他仍然反对同性恋者结婚，反对把针对同性恋者的犯罪归为仇视犯罪，说明[C]“支持的”不对;文中多次提到“我认为”，说明作者表达的是主观看法，所以[D]“客观的”不对。
4. D 细节题。本题的问题是“尽管他认真倾听，但布什仍然反对下列行为，除了 ”。题干中的“Bush still opposes”出自文章最后一段第七句话中，表明本题与最后一段有关。最后一段第二句话提到，州长承认了他经常陈述的观点——同性恋者不应该收养孩子，说明[A]“收养孩子”是仍然反对的;该段第七句话提到，他仍然反对同性恋者结婚，反对把针对同性恋者的犯罪归为仇视犯罪，说明[B]“结婚”和[C]“定义为仇视犯罪”是仍然反对的。只有[D]“聘用同性恋者”与文章第三段最后一句话的意思不符，为正确答案。
5. C 主旨题。本题的问题是“本文希望表达的观点是 ”。文章第一段提到了与布什的会面，指出，再也不会有一个主要政党的候选人可以在竞选总统时不面对同性恋问题了;随后几段具体介绍了会面的情况：我感到惊奇的是他缺乏对这些问题的了解;我们的观点令他感到十分惊奇;我们没有改变他的立场;最后指出，老实说，布什任重而道远。这说明，本文认为，要想解决同性恋问题，布什面临很大的困难。[C]“要想完全解决同性恋问题，仍然任重道远”是对本文的概括，为正确答案。同性恋者结婚和领养孩子的问题是文章在介绍会面时列举的例子，并不是本文想要表达的观点，所以[A].“同性恋者渴望正常的生活”不是本文希望表达的观点;[B]“布什部分改变了他有关同性恋问题的观点”和[D]“同性恋者同布什进行了成功的交谈”明显与文中“我们没有改变他的立场”这句话的意思不符。
二、全文译文
想像一下要求一位总统候选人坐下来就同性恋问题进行“敏感的对话”。这就是上个星期我们在得克萨斯州奥斯汀市所做的事情。在拒绝会见一个批评他的共和党同性恋问题团体之后，乔饴。W.布什邀请了我们——十几个同性恋共和党人。我们的会面开创了一个重要的先例：再也不会有一个主要政党的候选人可以在竞选总统时不面对同性恋问题了。
布什不喜欢我们要说的任何话。我感到惊奇的是他缺乏对这些问题的了解，我同样感到惊奇的是他希望了解这些问题的愿望。我讲述了我如何同我的伴侣罗布。莫理斯维持了17年的同性恋关系。我们都出生于健全、有势力、信奉宗教的家庭。罗布在乔治亚州一个保守的共和党家庭长大;我来自于威斯康星州一个资深的共和党人家庭。我现在担任着我所在的路德教会教堂的副会长。1)我希望布什州长明白，长期钟爱的关系、稳定的家庭、坚定的宗教信仰传统以及共和党的选举史，这些均是同性恋群体的组成部分。
我们的故事起了作用。布什承认，由于他在得克萨斯州长大，因此他不太了解美国的多元文化。他的朋友圈子狭小，而且他坚守传统。但是，听说人们认为他偏执后，他感到吃惊和沮丧。“我说的什么话表达了这样的信息?”他反复问道。2)我们和他对质他被报道过的话——如果你是公开的男同性恋者或女同性恋者，那么你就不会被考虑在他的政府部门任职。“我从来没有说过这种话，”他强调，并向我们保证，他会聘用那些能干并且与他的政治观点相同的同性恋者。
很明显，我们的观点令他感到十分惊奇。当我们中的一个人谈到他的同性恋姐姐和她的伴侣收养孩子时，州长承认了他经常陈述的观点——同性恋者不应该收养孩子……你们给我讲述了一种非常钟情、关爱的关系，“他说。”听到这些，我真的很感激。，‘我们强调，布什政府不可能逆转近几年所取得的任何成就。我们谈论了艾滋病的经费与研究问题。3)虽然布什很专注——并且确实表现出愿意倾听各方面的意见——但我认为，我们没有改变他的立场。他仍然反对同性恋者结婚，反对把针对同性恋者的犯罪归为仇视犯罪。老实说，布什任重而道远。但是，我认为，他比上个星期进步了许多。
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