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2013中考英语备考:语法特辑“名词”

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2012-10-20 12:44

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  (一)名词的分类

  名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词要注意单复数。

  (二)名词的数

  1、可数名词与不可数名词

  A、不可数名词,中学阶段常见的不可数名词有:water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点:

  1)前无冠,后无复;作主语为三单.

  2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of

  eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [ ]

  A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many

  There is some_______ on the plate. [ ]

  A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer

  2、可数名词的复数

  不规则变化:

  man——menm, woman——women,policeman——policemen, foot——feet, tooth——teeth, child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen, mouse—mice

  注意:

  ① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes

  ② 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese

  ③ 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 (man doctor — men doctors)

  ④ reef—reefs

  ⑤ “某国人”的复数:口诀是“

  eg. German—Germans

  ⑥有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。

  eg:

  cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布;

  sand沙——sands沙滩;

  tea茶——a tea一杯茶;

  orange橘汁——an orange橘子;

  glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜;

  paper纸——a paper试卷、论文;

  wood木头——a wood小森林;

  room空间、余地——a room房间

  fruit ——fruits ;food ——foods ;fish ——fishes ;drink ——a drink ;

  3、名词所有格:名词’s (意思是 “……的”)

  A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加“’s”;

  注意:

  1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”

  Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲

  Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.

  2)以s结尾的词只加“ ’ ”

  eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father

  3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导

  eg. the leg of the desk

  4)双重所有格:a friend of my father’s

  a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × )

  -

  练 习

  一、写出下列词的复数

  1.book______ 2.bus ______ 3.orange _______

  4.baby______ 5.boy______ 6.my ________

  7.his_______ 8.knife______ 9.watch________

  10.sheep ______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____

  13.German__________ 14.Chinese_________

  二、选择正确的答案

  ( )1.—Are those ______?

  ---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.

  A. sheep ; cows B. sheep ; cow

  C. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows

  ( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.

  A. two orange B. two bottles of orange

  C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges

  ( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?

  A. a very good B. any

  C. a piece of D. two pieces

  ( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.

  A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s

  C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s

  ( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.

  A. 20 minutes’ walk B. 20 minute’s walk

  C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk

  ( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.

  A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan

  C. Mr. James D. James Green

  ( )7.Jack and Tom are ____.

  A. good friends B. good friend

  C. a good friend D. good a friend

  ( )8.It’s only about ten ____ walk to the nearest post office.

  A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute

  ( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.

  A. two breads B. two piece of breads

  C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads

  ( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.

  A. childs B. child C. children’s D. children

  ( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.

  A. two months holiday B. two months’ holiday

  C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holidays

  ( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.

  A. works B. job C. work D. working

  ( )13.Li Lei is a friend of ___.

  A. I sister B. my sister’s

  C. me sister D. my sister of

  ( )14.Have you read ____?

  A. today’s B. today paper

  C. the today’s paper D. today’s paper

  ( )15.How many ___ are there in the room?

  A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes

  ( )16.Many ____ have been built in our city since 1987.

  A. factorys B. factories

  C. factoryes D. factorys

  ( )17.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .

  A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss

  ( )18.The cat caught two ___ last night.

  A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices

  ( )19.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.

  A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes

  ( )20.In our school there are fifty-five ___.

  A. women teachers B. woman teachers

  C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher

  ( )21.The three ___ will be put into prison.

  A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs’

  练习题答案:

  1——5 ABCBD 6—10 AACCD

  11—15 CCBDA 16—21 BCBCAC
 


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