1. 祈使句的特征:
①祈使句用来表示请求、命令、建议、劝告、警告等。如:
Go and open the door.
②其主语一般是第二人称,但往往被省去。
③其谓语须用动词原形,否定结构是在动词原形前加don’t。如:
Don’t be late.
④句子末尾用句号或感叹号,通常用降调。为表示礼貌,句前或句末可加上please。如:
Be quiet, please. = Please be quiet.
⑤祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不与情态动词连用。
2. 祈使句的几个注意问题:
①肯定的祈使句前可用助动词do来加强语气,多译为“一定……”。如:
Do have some more tea.
②祈使句除用动词开头外,还可用名词、形容词、副词等开头。如:
Hands up! / No parking! / No fishing! / Careful! / Quickly! / Help! / Another cup of tea, please. / Just a minute, please! / This way, please!
③祈使句的主语在需要强调时可以出现。如:
Nobody move. / Don’t you forget. / Stand up, everybody. / You go away.
④祈使句之后的附加疑问句:
●在肯定的祈使句之后,附加疑问句常用will you? / won’t you? / would you? / could you? / can you? / can’t you? 如:
Have dinner with us, will you? / won’t you? / would you?
●在否定的祈使句之后,附加疑问句常用will you? / can you? 如:
Don’t make a noise, will you? / can you?
●以let’s 开头的祈使句之后,附加疑问句常用shall we? 如:
Let’s go out at about six o’clock, shall we?
⑤当祈使句之后用and / or连接另一个分句时,该祈使句相当于一个条件句。如:
Try again and you will succeed. (=If you try again, you will succeed.)
Write it down, or you will forget it. (=If you don’t write it down, you will forget it.)
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