构词法之派生词——形容词词缀
一、词缀"-able, -ous, -y, -ly, -ant, -ate, -en, -ent"可放在一些名词、动词后构成形容词
1. "-able" 常放在一些动词后构成 形容词,表示
(1)"能……的,可以……的",例如:
use →usable (可用的)
excuse →excusable (可原谅的)
(2)"适于……的,有……特性的",例如:
eat →eatable (适于吃的)
drink →drinkable (适于饮用的)
(3)"有……倾向的",例如:
irritate →irritable (易怒的)
2. "-ous" 常放在一些名词后构成形容词,表示"有……特质的,多……的,充满……的",例如:
fame →famous (出名的)
joy →joyous (欢乐的)
danger →dangerous (危险的)
3. "-y" 常放在一些名词后构成形容词,表示:
(1) "有……倾向的",例如:
sleep →sleepy (欲睡的)
(2)"有……的,多……的",例如:
cloud →cloudy (多云的)
(3)"有……性质(状态)的",例如:
snow →snowy (雪的)
4. "-ly" 常放在一些名词后构成形容词,表示性质,例如:
friend →friendly (友好的)
man →manly (男子气概的)
5. "-ant" 常放在一些动词后构成形容词,表示"处于……状态(情况)的",例如:
tolerate →tolerant (容忍的)
dominate →dominant (占优势的)
6. "-ate" 常放在一些名词后构成形容词,表示"有……性质(或状态)的,像……的,和……有关的",例如:
affection →affectionate (表示关爱的)
college →collegiate (学院的)
Italian →Italianate (意大利风格的)
7. "-en" 常放在一些名词后构成形容词,表示"由……制的",例如:
wool →woolen (毛纺的)
wood →wooden (木制的)
8. "-ent" 常放在一些动词后构成形容词,表示"做……动作的,有……性质的,在……状态的",例如:
differ →different (不同的)
depend →dependent (依赖的)
absorb →absorbent (能吸收的)
二、请看下列单词的用法
insist v. 坚决要求,坚持,坚持说
I must insist on your giving me a
straightforward answer. 我必须坚持
要你给我一个直截了当的回答。
I insist that he should come with us.
我坚持要他跟我们一块儿来。
I will have another glass if you insist.
如果你坚持,我就去换一个玻璃杯。
Art critics insisted he was an illustrator rather than an artist.艺术评论家们坚持说他是一个插图画家,而不是一个艺术家。
insistent adj.坚持的,固执的;持续不断的,再三的
They were insistent on having a contract for the work.他们坚持要就这项工作立一份合同。
The insistent ringing of the telephone in my bedroom wakened me.
我卧室里没完没了的电话铃声吵醒了我。
persist v. 顽强地坚持,执著地做;维持,保持
Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened?你何必为已发生的事没完没了地自责呢?
She had persisted in her refusal to spend Christmas with Jack. 她一直坚持拒绝与杰克共度圣诞。
He persisted with his questioning.
他问个不停。
"But I’m innocent," she persisted.
她坚持说:"但是我是无辜的。"
The smell persisted even after we had cleaned the room.即使我们打扫了房间,这个味道仍旧存在。
persistent adj.执著的,坚持不懈的;连绵的,持续的,反复出现的
With persistent efforts we can finish our tasks on time.
在我们坚持不懈的努力下一定可以按时完成任务。
Her persistent criticism made everyone angry.
她没完没了的批评使每个人都很生气。
考考你
请运用上述构词法写出下列单词所对应的形容词:
desire favor accept
fury courage rain
dust thirst order
love please ignore
fortune passion wax
silk ash exist
consist
参考答案
desirable favorable acceptable
furious courageous rainy
dusty thirsty orderly
lovely pleasant ignorant
fortunate passionate waxen
silken ashen existent
consistent
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