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以下是出国留学网编辑为您整理的托福阅读长难句解析(5.10)，供您参考，更多详细内容请点击出国留学网(www.liuxue86.com)查看。
特奥蒂瓦坎古城
It seems likely that Teotihuacan's natural resources, along with the city elite's ability to recognize their potential, gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors. (TPO 8 The Rise of Teotihuacan)
[结构标记]：It(形式主语)seems(谓语)likely(表语)that Teotihuacan’s natural resources, [along with the city elite's ability to recognize their potential](插入语), gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors(主语从句).
[句子分析]：本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的名词性从句，也叫主语从句。主语从句的谓语动词是gave，这个词组gave sth. a competitive edge，意思是“赋予……一种竞争优势”。而本句中along with...则是插入语，可以留到最后来读。
[词汇精记]：
potential作名词，表示“潜力，潜能”，比如：China is a huge market with great potential for the whole world. 中国对于全世界来说是一个潜力巨大的市场。本句中the ability to recognize their potential表示“认识这些资源潜能的能力”。
edge作名词，表示“边缘;优势”，本句中give ... a competitive edge over ... 指的是“比起……，赋予……一种竞争优势”，比如：Having a good command of English gives her a competitive edge over her colleagues. 比起她的同事，娴熟的英语能力让她有竞争优势。
[参考译文]：很可能的是特奥蒂瓦坎的自然资源和精英们认识这些资源潜能的能力，赋予了这座城市能与其邻居们竞争的优势。
[背景补充]：历史上的特奥蒂瓦坎城(Teotihuacan)位于现在墨西哥城东北约50公里处。大约在公元150到700年间，鼎盛时期的它可能有超过12.5万的人口，至少占地20平方公里，拥有超过2000栋公寓大楼(apartment complexes)、一个大型市场、许多的工业作坊、一个行政管理中心以及一些巨大的宗教建筑(religious edifices)。其街道和大楼的布局呈现规则的网格状。当时这座大都市的管理和扩张离不开精心的规划和集中的管理。
语法加油站：这句话主要涉及的语法现象是it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句。这也是大家写作中...
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Perhapsthe fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that couldbe collected in a net, a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplanktonthat we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis ofthe role of grazers in subsequent research.
这个句子谓语动词的识别稍有难度。
1. the fact 后描述的部分是这个fact的具体内容，所以the fact后为同位语从句;
2. a practice ...to feed on 作同位语。only algae of a size后出现的that could be collected ina net 对前者解释说明作用，为典型的后者定语从句;
3. 类似的that overlooked the smallerphytoplankton that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on 修饰说明a practice, 即为后者的后者定语从句。其中 that we now know grazersare most likely to feed on 为the smaller phytoplankton 的后者定语从句。仔细分析，we now know 类似插入语，如果在之前加as则更像比较状语从句。当然这个定语从句也可以写成 on which we now knowgrazers are most likely to feed;
4. led to 为整句谓语动词，于是 a de-emphasis 为整句宾语。
整句主干很简单，即Perhaps the fact let to a de-emphasis.但主语后跟了自带一个小级别定语从句的后置定语从句，接着又跟了个自带一个后置定语从句(同样嵌套了自己的定语从句)的同位语，读句子过程中，我们的思路容易被这些非主干成分打断。
例句2
The hydrologic cycle, a major topic inthis science, is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes,beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing into liquid and solid form asprecipitation, thence along and into the ground surface, and finally againreturning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation andtranspiration.
1. 大多数同学可以准确识别出全句的主...
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As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America. (39, tpo5)
anthropologist /ænθrə'pɒlədʒɪst/ n. 人类学家
rather than prep. 而不是
raft /rɑːft/ n. 筏 v. 用筏子载运(人或货物)
navigator /'nævɪgeɪtə/ n. 航行者，航海者;领航员，导航员;导航仪
As Patrick Kirch, (an American anthropologist), points out, (rather than being brought by rafting South Americans), sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back (by returning Polynesian navigators) (who could have reached the west coast of South America. )
分析：
修饰一：(an American anthropologist)，同位语，修饰Patrick Kirch
中文：美国人类学家
修饰二：(rather than being brought byrafting South Americans)，介词短语，rather than是托福阅读里一个高频短语啊，大家记住它是一个介词，表示“而不是”
中文：不是南美人用筏运来的
修饰三：(by returning Polynesiannavigators)，介词短语，修饰bringback
中文：玻利尼西亚返航者
修饰四：(who could have reached the westcoast of South America. ) ，从句，修饰navigators
中文：已经去过南美西海岸
主干：sweetpotatoes might just have easily been brought back
参考翻译：
正如美国人类学家Patrick Kirch所指出的，甘薯并不是南美人用筏运来的，而是通过已经去过南美西海岸的玻利尼西亚返航者很方便就带来了。
这个...
托福阅读中比较难的就是长难句了，虽然单词都认得出来，但是整体意思却总也参不透。出国留学网托福栏目的小编为您整理“托福阅读长难句解析之顶级群落长期稳定性”，希望对大家有所帮助!
Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment; an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. (TPO 3 The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems)
托福阅读长难句句子分析：本句由分号连接了两个分句，分号前主句的谓语动词是think，而that则引导了宾语从句，表达了许多生态学家对此的看法。在这个宾语从句中，两个名词diversity和the patchiness由not from…but from...结构连接，是并列关系，此并列结构表示“不是来自于……，而是来自于……”，阅读重点应该是but from后面的内容。分号后主句的谓语动词是supports，还有两个that引导的定语从句，修饰各自前面的environment。
托福阅读长难句词汇精记
climax communities表示“顶级群落”，指的是生物群落经过一系列的演替，最终形成的保持相对稳定的群落。
patchiness表示生物学中的“斑块性”。
organisms指的是“生物体”。
vary from place to place表示“因各地不同而产生变化”，是写作可以借鉴的词组，比如：Views on this heated topic vary from place to place in China. 关于这个热点话题，在中国各个地方都持有不同的看法。
托福阅读长难句参考译文
现在的很多生态学家们认为：顶级群落相对长期的稳定性并非来自多样性，而是来自环境的“斑块性”;因各地不同而产生变化的环境比统一的环境能支持更多种类的生物体。
托福阅读栏目推荐：
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今天我们来看这样一个句子：
In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, worship, and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another within acommunity of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power. (TPO16, 54)
multiplicity /?m?lt?'pl?s?t?/ n. 多，多样性
egalitarian /?'g?l?'t?r??n/ adj. 平等主义的
fellowship n. 友谊，交情;团体，协会;会员资格
quasi /'kwesai/ adj. 准...，半...
laissez-faire /?lese??f e?/ adj. 放任自由的
ideological /?a?d???'l?d??k?l/ adj. 意识的
consensus /k?n'sens?s/ n. 意见一致
我是分界线，大家先一遍速读看是否理解
(In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations)(for fellowship, worship, and production) (that flourished in this laissez-faire environment), individuals could interact with one another (within a community of harmony and ideological equality), (following their own popularly elected leaders)and (governing themselves by shared consensus) (while minimizing distinctions of wealth andpower.)(TPO16, 54)
这个句子的主干是：individuals could interact with one another
修饰一：(In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi...
出国留学网托福栏目的小编给大家带来“托福阅读长难句解析之岩石上的水滴”，以下是详细内容，希望对同学们有所帮助!
If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held. (TPO 1 Groundwater)
托福阅读长难句句子分析 本句由but引起了前后两个分句，其中都有if引导的条件状语从句，表示两种假设的情况。读懂这种复合句的关键是要迅速找到并理解其主句的谓语部分。本句主句的谓语部分有will exist , will drain away和will exist , will be firmly held。此外，两个分句里都有大家所熟悉的too...to...结构，这里都作后置定语，起修饰作用，意思是“太……以至于不能……”。
词汇精记 ♕ pores指的是“孔隙”，这里说的是“岩石的孔隙”。
♕ surface tension指的是“表面张力”。
♕ film在这里显然不是“电影”，表示“薄膜”，比如：a film of oil on the surface of the water 水面上的一层油。另外，film还有“胶卷”的意思，比如：develop a film 冲洗胶卷。注意film还可以作动词，表示“拍摄”，比如：The explosion had been filmed by an amateur cameraman. 这次爆炸被一位业余摄影师拍摄了下来。
托福阅读长难句参考译文 如果岩石的孔隙很大，其中的水会形成水滴，而这样的水滴太重而足以克服吸引它的表面张力，就会流走;但是如果岩石孔隙足够小，其中的水会形成薄膜，因为太轻而无法克服吸引它的表面张力，从而会牢牢地附着在孔隙表面上。
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出国留学网托福栏目的小编给大家带来“托福阅读长难句解析之昆虫的数量”，以下是详细内容，希望对同学们有所帮助!
The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.
(同位语从句fact that…;定语从句that comprise the bulk…)
【译句】考虑到组成大部分物种的昆虫的巨大数量，认为半数的已知物种栖息在世界的雨林中这一事实看起来并不令人吃惊。
分句1：The fact does not seem surprising.
分句2：that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests
分句3：considering the huge numbers of insects
分句4：that comprise the bulk of the species
分句1中嵌套着分句2，分句2解释说明分句1的主语the fact, 是同位语从句;分句3是主句的状语，分句4是定语从句，修饰分句3的the huge numbers of insects
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Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year. (41, TPO3)
aquifer /'ækwɪfə/ n. 含水土层
semiarid /ˌsem(a)ɪ'ærɪd/ adj. 半干旱的
我是分解线，大家先自己分析哦
Estimates indicate (that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron), but unfortunately, (under the semiarid climatic conditions) (that presently exist in the region), rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, (amounting to about half a centimeter a year. )
分析：
修饰一：(under the semiarid climatic conditions)，介词短语，修饰后面红色主干部分
中文：在半干旱气候条件下
修饰二：(that presently exist in the region)，从句，修饰conditions
中文：现在存在于这个地区
修饰三：(amounting to about half a centimeter a year. ) ，非谓语动词，修饰前面红色主干
中文：总计大约一年50毫米
主干：rates ofaddition to the aquifer are minimal
中文：蓄水层的补水率很小
参考翻译：
估计表明：蓄水层包含充足的水去填满Huron湖。但很不幸，在目前这个地区半干旱气候条件下，蓄水层的补水率很小，总计大约一年50毫米。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、从句、非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
托福阅读栏目推荐：
出国留学网托福栏目为大家提供“解读托福阅读中的长难句”，希望对大家有所帮助。
世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。
阅读速度大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的能力。
大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语，上过课的同学懂得。
大家别急，把一句一句弄明白，弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。希望大家认真看我的分析。
今天我们来看这样一个句子：
It is not surprising, therefore, that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years—young enough so that little of the petroleum has leaked away—and that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata that formed in the last 65 million years. (TPO43, 65)
大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解
分析：
It is not surprising,therefore, (that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years)—young enough so that little of the petroleum has leaked away—and (that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata that formed in the last 65 million years). (TPO43, 65)
这个句子的结构：
It is not surprising that 从句 and that 从句
主要就是两个从句，然后中间有一个破折号隔开
修饰一：(that the highest ratio of oil and gas pools to volume of sediment is found in rock no older than 2.5 million years)，从句
中文：油藏和气藏的数量与沉积物总量的比率最高出现在年龄不超过250万年的岩石中
修饰二：(that nearly 60 percent of all oil and gas discovered so far has been found in strata that formed in the last 65million years)，从句
大家注意，能不能来理解这个从句...
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