出国留学网专题频道托福阅读逻辑关系栏目，提供与托福阅读逻辑关系相关的所有资讯，希望我们所做的能让您感到满意！
很多考生在准备托福考试的时候，总会发现部分托福考试中的句子远远超出了自己的能力范围。对于这些长难句，当然要从语法的角度去完全把握。下面就让出国留学网小编带你去看看那些前辈们总结的方法吧。
其实长难句在考试中最直接的运用就是考察插入句子题和解释句子题。对于这样的题目，我们在不能读懂句子的情况下，能够把握的就是句子的内在关系，即逻辑。下面是托福阅读中经常出现的四大逻辑关系，把握了它们就等于掌握了托福阅读解题技巧的一个重要部分。
1. 因果关系
因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with
果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly
因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
隐性因果：
A.导致(因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support, push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for
如The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs。
在这段话中，有lead to, 表示了导致的意思，即结果; 而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。
B.由…而来(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be responsive to, be attributable to
如 “The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process。”
在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。
C.反映，体现(果-因)： reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show
This result demonstrates that…
D.考虑到： ...
事实信息题属于托福阅读中较为常见的题目类型。需要考生根据文中明确出现的事实、细节等信息通过排除干扰答案选择与原文表述相符的正确选项。事实信息题是托福官方指南中介绍的第一种题目类型，因此也是最具有代表性、最能反应托福阅读考查本质的题目。这种题型考察的是考生提取、筛选信息的实际应用能力。那么，什么是事实信息题呢? 首先要了解它的问法。
一、提问方式
1. According to paragraph 3 ,Xhas which of the following consequences for Y?
2. According to paragraph 1,which of the following is true of X of Y?
3. According to paragraph 2,which of the following led to the appearance of X?
4. According to the passage,what is true of ____?
5. Paragraph 2 supports whichof the following ideas about X?
6. According to thepassage,X________?
根据题目问法，我们将事实信息题分为两类。对于前三种问法，属于第一种题目，即题干中包含能有效定位的细节信息，解法如下。
二、解题步骤(题干种包含有效定位的细节信息)
• 阅读题干，在题干中找key words .
• 利用key words 回原文中定位key sentence.
• 回选项中找key sentence 的同意转述句即为答案。
※要注意的是正确答案的大多是文章中的某一句或两句话的同意转述，即定位是关键。
三、例题解析
TPO2-2 Paragraph 3: Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, thereduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soil's ability toabsorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the loosesoil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces,sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased,resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of the soil...
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