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A
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises (出现) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two - headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar (奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.
1. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ______.
A. repeated without any change B. treated as a joke C. made some changes by the parent D. set in the present 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。 由第一段的 “It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.”可知，作者认为如
果父母讲神话故事结合小孩所在的真实时间情况，而不仅仅是从故事书上读故事，效果更好。故答案为C，即父母如果对神话故事作一些变化，更有效。解答此题要注意同一意思的不同表达。
2. According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is _______.
A. in a realistic setting B. heard for the first time
C. repeated too often D. told in a different way
答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。由第二段 “As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once.”可知，作者认为如果故事只讲了一遍，小孩会产生恐惧感。故答案为B。
3.The advantage claimed (提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it _______. A. makes them less fearful
B. develops their power of memory
C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs
答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由第二段的最后一句话 “Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.”可知，作者认为不断的重复故事可以让小孩变得熟悉(familiarity)故事, 这样恐惧的痛苦(pain of fear) 就会变成恐惧的快乐(pleasure of a fear)，故答案为A。B，D在文章中未提及;C选项 “让小孩相信没有什么可害怕的” 意思与此不符，且此答案显得绝对。
4. The author’s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.
A. fairy stories are still being made up
B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales C. people try to modernize old fairy stories
D. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays
答案解析：答案为B。本题为推断题。从第三段 “?If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.” 和第四段 “No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.” 可知，作者的观点是神话故事不是对现实世界的描述，没有哪个聪明的小孩相信它们是真的。故答案为B，作者用sticks and telephones 来证明一些人对神话故事存在误解。
5. One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _______.
A. they are full of imagination
B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth C. they are not interesting
D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach
答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节题。从第三段的首句 “There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two - headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist?”可知，也有人反对神话故事是因为它们不是客观真实的，故答案为B。解答此题同样要注意同义句的转换， “not in favor of”与object to 同义;”not objectively true” 与 “far from the truth”同义。
B
With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑). Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.
The argument advanced by those opposed (反对) to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is tile mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime (罪行) anyway.
In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. Throughout recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. But some are more dangerous than others.
For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of different degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.
The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. The sharp climb in the state's murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the law about death penalty is vetoed (否决), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.
1. The main purpose of this passage is to _____. A. speak for the majority B. support a veto
C. speak ill of the government D. argue for the value of the death penalty
答案解析：答案为D。本题为文章的主旨大意题。由第一段的 “Many argue that ?, while others think ...”和最后一段的首句 “The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.”可知，本文讨论死刑的价值。
2. Which of the following is among the heated arguments across the USA besides death penalty?
A. Air pollution. B. The war against Iraq. C. Equal rights. D. Election of president.
答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。从第一段的首句 “With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑).” 可知，除了人权问题，在美国讨论最热烈的问题是死刑。
3. The numbers in the last paragraph show that ______.
A. if they stick to death penalty, the number of murders will be reduced B. death penalty almost stopped from 1954 to 1963 C. the population of California has risen D. death penalty is of little value
答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。从最后一段的第二句 “But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them.” 和最后三句 “If the law about death penalty is vetoed (否决), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.”都是在强调死刑可以保护人的生命，故答案为A, 如果国家坚持死刑，谋杀案件的数目会减少。
由本段的第四句话 “For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California?” 可知，1954年到1963年期间，死刑时不时地在California执行，并不是废除了，故选项B错误。C选项在文中未提及，D选项与本段的中心意思违背。
4. It can be inferred that the writer thinks that ______.
A. the death penalty is the most important problem in the United States today
B. the second type of murderers (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to death
C. the veto of the law about death penalty is of little importance D. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be discussed
答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。细读第四段， 由“it is one thing ? blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan ?in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder? is a matter of different degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”可知，作者认为谋杀分为 “blind anger (盲目的愤怒)” 和 “coldly plan ?in the style of a butcher (冷酷的屠夫式的谋杀)，谋杀的程度不一样，如果是第一种就仅仅让谋杀者与社会隔离即可，而不是后一种谋杀者的命运，言外之意就是后一种谋杀应该判死刑。故答案为B。
结合前面几题的分析，第一段作者认为除了人权问题，在美国讨论最热烈的问题是死刑。故选项A错误。从最后一段倒数第三句话 “If the law about death penalty is vetoed, some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect.” 可知，如果死刑被否决，一些本可以挽救的生命就会被谋杀，
可见死刑的否决对保护人的生命有着重要的意义，C选项的意思与此相反，故错误。D选项与最后一段的首句 “The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.” 表达相反，故错误。
2013高考英语试题分类小结篇：情态动词与虚拟语气
2013高考英语试题分类小结篇：动词的时态和语态
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