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Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you‟re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you‟re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions — those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person‟ s perception (感知) of another‟ s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies‟ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.Classic studics by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow‟s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal.Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm”， or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study‟s hypotheses (假设) , handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of“Person A”based on a particular
description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly，”says Bargh.
[语篇解读] 最近的心理学研究发现，人们对“温暖”或者“寒冷”的感受可以改变人们的情感。
1.According to Paragraph 1, a person‟ s emotion may be affected by________.
A. the visitors to his office
B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness
D. the things he has bought online
[解析] 细节理解题。由文章第一段的第三句话可知，温暖的感觉激发温暖的情感，而冷饮在手则会阻止你做出不明智的决定，因此可以说一个人的情感可能会受到冷的感觉的影响。
[答案] B
2.The author mentions Harlow‟ s experiment to show that________.
A. adults should develop social skills
B. babies need warm physical contact
C. caregivers should be healthy adults
D. monkeys have social relationships
[解析] 细节理解题。在试验中，猴子喜欢去靠近布制的“妈妈”而不喜欢“金属线”做的“妈妈”。这使心理学家们强调养育者应该让孩子们多接触一些令人感觉温暖的东西，以帮助孩子们成长为有正常社交技能的健康的成年人，故B项正确。
[答案] B
3.In Bargh‟ s experiment, the students were asked to________.
A. evaluate someone‟ s personality
B. write down their hypotheses
C. fill out a personal information form
D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
[解析] 细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段中的“After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of„Person A‟based on a particular description.”可知选A。在试验中，学生被要求评价某人的性格。
[答案] A
4.We can infer from the passage that________.
A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C. physical temperature affects how we see others
D. capable persons are often cold to others
[解析] 推理判断题。全文都在论述人们对“温暖”或“寒冷”的感觉可以影响人们对事物的评价。因此，物理温度会影响我们看待他人的方式。因此选C。
[答案] C
5.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships
B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation
C. Developing Better Drinking Habits
D. Physical Sensations and Emotions
[解析] 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是人们对物理温度的感觉对人们情绪的影响，D项概括性比较强。
[答案]D
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