Unit2学习能力
Text3 正文
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”
The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
Text3 习题
1. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?
[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.
[C] A person who has had no education.
[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.
2. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?
[A] The variety of ideas they have.
[B] The intelligence they possess.
[C] The way they deal with problems.
[D] The way they present their findings.
3. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.
[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity
[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things
[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s point of view
[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented
4. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.
[A] diligent in pursuing their goals
[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
[C] devoted to the progress of science
[D] concerned about the advance of society
Text 3全文翻译
“无知者”认为科学技术上的发明创造来自灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性的事件。亚历山大•弗莱明爵士可不像传说中的那样，看了一眼奶酪上的霉就立刻想到了青霉素的发明。他是对抗菌物质进行了长达九年的实验才有了这项发明的。发明及创新几乎都来自于反复尝试和失败。创新就像踢足球，即使是最出色的球员也会痛失进球机会，其射门被挡住的机会大大多于进球的机会。
问题在于得分最多者正是那些射门最多的球员，任何领域的创新亦如此。创新者与其他人的主要区别在于处理问题的方法。每个人都有想法，但是创新者会自觉地钻研自己的想法，并且不断努力直到证明想法切实可行，或不可实现为止。普通人视为凭空想像的抽象概念在职业创新者眼里却具有充分的可能性。
“造创性的思维方式也许只不过意味着意识到以其一贯的方式去做事并不一定有什么道理”，语言专家鲁道夫写道。这解释了我们对塑料垃圾袋和带轮箱包之类看似简单却令生活更便利的发明的反应：“为什么以前没有人想到那个方法呢?”
创造性方法始于“一切不可貌相”的主张。创新者不会接受办事只有一种方法的事实。面对从A到B，普通人会自动踏上一条最为人熟悉、显然最简单的路径。创新者则探寻另外不同的道路，它们最终被证实更为简单、更为有趣、更富挑战性，即使有时也会失败。
极富创造性的人的确是标新立异的。
Text 3 重点句
"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, " wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority
该句意义：
该句说明了创造性思维与坚持之间的关系，可以将其直接运用于有关学习和创新的写作之中。
该句语法：
(1)直接引语："Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, "
(2)同位语从句：the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done
(3)省略”that“的定语从句：the way they have always been done
(4)同位语：Rudolph Flesch, a language authority
Text 3 习题答案
答案:ACBB
1.What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?
1. 作者在第一段用untaught mind的大概含义是 ________ 。
[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
[A] 不了解发明实验的艰辛的人
[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.
[B] 限制个人创造性的社会公民
[C] A person who has had no education.
[C] 未受过教育的人
[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.
[D] 一个经常由于偶然原因创造出新想法的人
2.According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?
2.作者认为创新者和非创新者的区别是_________。
[A] The variety of ideas they have.
[A] 他们拥有的各种各样的思想
[B] The intelligence they possess.
[B] 他们的智力
[C] The way they deal with problems.
[C] 他们处理问题的方法
[D] The way they present their findings.
[D] 他们提出自己发现的方式
3.The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because__.
3.第三段作者引用Rudolph Flesch的话的原因是____________。
[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity
[A] 他是人类创造性研究领域中最知名的专家
[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things .
[B] 该引言旨在强调富有创新精神的人总想另辟蹊径
[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’ s point of view
[C] 读者熟悉Flesch的观点
[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented
[D] 这番话为先前提到的信息添加了新内容
4.The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are__.
4.文章最后一行中的march to a different drummer表明极富创造力的个人__________。
[A] diligent in pursuing their goals
[A] 勤奋追求自己的目标
[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
[B] 不愿意按照普通的方式做事
[C] devoted to the progress of science
[C] 献身于科学的进步
[D] concerned about the advance of society
[D] 关心社会的进步
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