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2016考研英语解析：须掌握四大句式
1.It is in (or with)…as in (or with)…
It is in life as in a journey. 人生好比旅途。
It is in studying as in eating; he who does it gets the benefits， and not he who sees it done. 读书和吃饭一样，得到利益的是那些实际在吃的人，而不是旁观的人。
It is in mind as in body which must be nourished by good food. 精神和身体都必须有好的食物来营养。
2.as good as / as well as
It is as goos as done. 这就和做好了一样。
It is broad as well as long. 那既长且宽。
(1)as good as 有两个含义：
① amounting to ; not falling short of;等于;同样; 几如;; 不欠缺
He was as good as his word. 他不爽约。
② virtually; essentially; in every essential respect 实际上;其实;实在;在各要点上
He is as good as dead already. 宛如死人;行尸走肉;名存实亡
(2)as well as 有四个含义：
① no less than; equally with 等于;不下于;亦;一样好
I have understanding as well as you.
② both……and……;one equally with the other"与"、"两者皆"
Work in moderation is healthy as well as agreeable to the human constitution. 适度劳动对身体给予快感，又有益卫生。
③ 与not only……but also 有连带关系
He has experience as well as knowledge.= He has not only knowledge but also experience.
④ 可以代替better than
As well (= better) be hanged for a sheep as ( = than) for a lamb. 窃钩如窃国，与其盗小羊。
3.As it is
其含义为：as it stands; to state the matter as it really stands; as a matter of fact; in reality. 相当于：实际上;就实际情况而言;根据(现在)情况看;就现在这个样子等等。它用来指事物的单数;即指前面的单数名词。如果指事物的复数，则用"As they are".如果用来指人时，则为as I am / you are / she/ he is/ we are / they are.as it is 的过去式为as it was.其位置可以放在句首，句末或句子中间。
(1)用于句首，注意前后时态与该结构保持一致
As it is， we can not help him.
As it was， we could not help him.
(2)用于句末
Let's keep it as it is.
You mustn't go to the ball as you are. 你不能这样去参加舞会。
有时it可以省略为"as is "，意即：照现在的样子，常指"不再修理或改进"等情况。
He has an old radio as is. 他有一台没有修理过的旧收音机。
I'll sell it to you as is， but don't complain if it doesn't work.
(3)句中时，用逗号把它从前后隔开
A.虚拟语气句式+but +as it is / was，该结构意为：其实;事实上
I thought things would get better， but as it is， they are getting worse and worse.
The rice could have been got in yesterdy if the weather had been fine， but as it was， it had to be left in the fields.
B.过去分词+as it is，表示强调前面的过去分词
Written as it is in an interesting way， this book is enjoyable to young and old alike.
Published as it was at such a time， his work attrached much attention.
C.现在分词+ as it does(did)。意为：因为这样，(实际)所以……
Living as he does in Shanghai， he knows the place extremely well.
Reading as he did many times， he could recite it fluently.
几个类似的结构：
A. as it stands 根据目前情况来看
As it stands， it is certain that our country can realize the four modernization ahead of schedule.
B. such as it is不怎么样，质量不过如此
The room， such as it is， is very bright.
C. as it were =as if it were so. 属虚拟语气，用于插入语。不可以与as it is 混淆
He is ， as it were， a living dictionary.
Comrade Lei Feng still lives， as it were ， in our heart.
4.have + the + 抽象名词+不定式
I had the fortune to succeed. 我很幸运获得了成功。
have = possess 原来指肉体和精神上的特征，现作为一种天赋而具有的。
She had the cheek ( = impudence) to say such a thing. = She was so impudent as to say such a thing. 她厚颜无耻地说出这样的话。
How can you have the heart ( = hard-heartness) to drown such darling little kittens?
你何忍心把如此可爱的小猫淹死?
2021考研英语翻译：如何处理状语从句?
一、状语
状语，顾名思义，这个部分在句子中是充当状语这样一个成分的。那么都有哪些词可以做状语呢?
⑴①副词作状语
largely, mainly, mostly, actually, ultimately, directly, furthermore, in principle.例如：something have largely been ignored by somebody.在这个句子中largely就是充当句子的状语的。
②分词短语作状语
Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.后面的这个句子，它的主谓宾都是齐全的，主语Whorf ,谓语developed, the idea是宾语。句子的基本成分有了，那么剩余的就是句子的定语、状语和补语等这样一些成分了。being interested in就是现在分词做原因状语的，因为对语言和思维之间的关系感兴趣，所以沃夫才形成了这种想法。
③不定式短语作状语
I get up early to catch the early bus.在这个句子中，主语I，谓语get up,to catch the early bus做的就是目的状语这样一个成分，我早早的起床，目的就是为了赶上早班车。
⑵翻译方法
状语，一般都是放在主语之后，动词之前的，且时间放在前面，地点放在后面。而对信息量较小的状语，我们可以采用将状语放到主语后面这种方式。如：Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.译文：由于对语言和思维之间的关系感兴趣，所以沃夫才形成了这种想法：语言的结构决定了一个社会中习惯思维的结构。
二、状语从句
状语从句和状语的区别就在于：状语是由副词、分词短语、不定式这样一些成分来充当状语，而状语从句是由从句来充当状语。
⑴状语从句分为以下几种：
①结果状语从句，引导词：so…that ; such…that
②时间状语从句，引导词：when, while, till或until, before , after, as, as soon as, since, by the time (到…为止) ,the moment, immediately, instantly, directly, the minute, the second, hardly…when, no sooner than
③让步状语从句，引导词：though ,although ,whereas ,while ,even if, no matter
⑵翻译方法
对于状语从句，我们可以采取顺译的方式去翻译，也就是按顺序翻译。建议我们先译出时间、原因、条件这些状语从句，然后再译主句。
如：①No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.不管我说什么，做什么，他总认为我是错的。
②While we can not see the air, we can feel it.尽管我们不能看见空气，但是我们可以感受到它。
2021考研英语：翻译五类典型句式
句子一：
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
当有报道进入伦敦公园，that是report的定语从句，也就是解释report的内容，是说有一只野生美洲狮在距离伦敦以南45英里的地方被发现了。had been spotted是个被动语态后边they，指代复数名词，前半句只有reports，这些报道并没有得到严肃对待。
句子二：
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the deions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
for表原因，因为。for后边的句子主语是deions,谓语是were similar.given by people过去分词作定语修饰deion，由谁给出的这一描述who引导定语从句修饰people，声称看见过美洲豹的人。这一描述(跟报道)惊人的一致。
句子三：
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
该句是倒装句，把nowhere提前引起部分倒装，原型是：1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living nowhere than in the Far West.nowhere …than译为“除了……没有其他地方”译为：1980年的美国人口统计更能显示出，美国人迁往遥远的西部(而不是其他地方)是为了寻找广阔的生活空间。在部分倒装里，do做助动词置于主语前more是比较级的用法。
句子四：
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collection to which a sample is compared.
第一句话，critics是主语argue是谓语，that后面是宾语从句，然后to which引导的是修饰collections的定语从句，因为compare的固定用法是compare to/with sth,在which引导从句时候compare后面的to提到了which前面。评论家也指出商业的基因检测仅仅和类似作为样本的参考搜集一样。
句子五：
But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
Because引导原因状语从句，后边是主句，不好理解的可能是way后边的成分，the way做方式状语，does代替have measurable benefits.这句话是说因为强笑很难保持，所以不可能以衡量散步或慢跑好处的方式来衡量大笑带来的好处。
文章都是由句子构成，因此分析每个句子对于打好前期基础至关重要，对于其中每个单词、每个语法、句子翻译的掌握都是考研英语复习必不可少的环节。
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