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2021考研英语新题型：熟词生义解析(5)
issue这个单词，我们常见的是其表示“问题分发流出”的含义。但是在考研英语中，这个单词，常考的意思是“颁布，发行，出版”。而且同学们一定要注意这层含义，这是在考研英语中经常出现的。我们来通过下面这个句子来进行巩固一下这个用法。而且需要同学们举一反三的熟记这层含义。
例：2008–Text2：The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequence of this.
经合组织刚刚发布了一份报告，这份报告描述了它的深远含义。
signal这个单词是我们初高中接触的词汇。常用的是其名词含义“信号，标志”。但是其有一层形容词含义，属于其熟词僻义，它的形容词含义“显著的”。但是其在中的常考含义，是其可以作为动词使用––“标志着，表明”。我们来注意这层含义。以下有两个例句：
例1：2008–Text2：It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
这标志着一个至今为止在科学尝试中成为关键因素中的一个变化。
例2：2010–Text2：the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious.
法官们表明，有太多的关于太过明显的“发明”的专利被维持有效。
desperate这个单词常常表示的含义是“绝望的”。但是有的时候，在具体的语境中，要根据周边含义，进行词义的引申。通过这种变化，这个单词可以引申为“不顾一切的，极其想要的，孤注一掷的”的含义。那么为什么会引申出这几层含义呢，我们还是来看例句。
例1：The action is part of a desperate effort to keep its nuclear power plant running.
这个行为是他们不顾一切地想要维持其核电站继续运营的努力的一部分。
例2：2010(2)–翻：He’d been desperate for a job.
他极其渴望一份工作。
means这个单词的形式，我们乍一看是mean的复数形式。但是当这个单词单独使用的时候，其可以表示的是“方法，手段，途径”。但是这里一定要注意的是，一定要是这个单词的means的形式，而mean却不可以。
例：2008–Text2：It introduces an effective means of publication.
它引进了一种新的出版方式。
2021考研英语新题型：熟词生义解析(4)
What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution. (2005，英语一)
Pool 常见的，被熟知的意思成为名词“水池，池塘”，文中，pool作为动词，理解为名词水池显然不符逻辑，更不符合上下文语境，此处，pool熟词生义为动词“联合，集中”，本句句意为“每个省都有自己已批准的药物，其管理科层制，步骤，议价能力都有严格限制，所有这些都要集中在一起，和渥太华，共同建造一个国家药物机构。
A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast. (2005，英语一)
Fork 众所周知名词为“叉子，餐叉，”是日常餐食中常用的食具。然而，本文fork作为动词，意为“用叉”，也显然不符上下文语境，更不符合逻辑，此处，考查fork不常见的动词释义，俚语性的用法“利用”，同时，考查与over 连用，固定动词词组，意为
“支付，付出”，本句句意为”他们(尤其是魁北克省和亚伯达省)只想让渥太华，如果可能的话，对附加的几项条款，支付额外的几十亿。
[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologists Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922.In the late 1800s British archaeologists Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’ interpretations of these engravings eventually him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knossos)，on the island of Crete,in 1900.(2014，英语一)
Comb 熟知意思为名词“梳子，木梳”，comb用作动词，意为“梳头发”，然而，本文，此处考查comb动词的僻义“彻底搜查”。本句句意为“在19世纪末，英国著名的考古学家阿瑟，埃文斯爵士彻底搜查了古希腊雅典的古董店。”
2021考研英语新题型：熟词生义解析(3)
[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.(2013，英语一)
Stem 一词常见意思为“起源于”，常见用法为stem from 起源于，相当于熟知的originate from，然而，stem在本文中，熟词生义为“阻止，遏止”，更符合上下文语境，上文提到人类行为是造成各种问题的根本原因，下文提到解决气候变化问题，应当采取的措施。所以，本句句意为“遏止气候变化，例如，可以采取以下措施，一、改变消耗模式二、促进税收接受度三、研发清洁能源。
The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.(2005,Text 1)
Stem一词早在2005年考研英语一的阅读理解中就已经考察过，stem 在文中的意思为“起源”，与from 构成固定搭配，句意为“然而，是否这种公平感分别源于僧帽猴还是人类，或是是否源于3500万年前共同的祖先，还不得而知。”
28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from
[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.
[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.
[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.
[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism. (2014，英语一，Text 2)
Stem 在2014年，英语一阅读理解28题的选项中，再次出现，这次，针对stem考查的释义是“干，主干”，stem 与exam 连用，意为“主要测试”，体现了stem为“主干”的这层释义。
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