2013高考英语人物传记类阅读理解 Ralph W. Tyler

　　人物传记

　　Passage 1

　　(2007 全国Ⅰ D)

　　Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录)of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.

　　Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

　　Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

　　Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

　　Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(独立的)spirit in their work.

　　Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标)that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

　　1. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?

　　A. Top managers. B. Language learners.

　　C. Serious educators. D. Science organizations.

　　2. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in paragraph 2 probably mean ______.

　　A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching

　　C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching

　　3. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?

　　A. The University of Chicago. B. Stanford University.

　　C. Ohio State University. D. Nebraska University.

　　4. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ______.

　　A. he developed a new method of testing B. he called for free spirit in research

　　C. he was still active in giving advice D. he still led the Eight-Year Study

　　重点词汇】

　　honorable adj.可敬的; 光荣的， 荣誉的nationally adv. 全国地

　　director n.主任， 主管; 董事; 导演behavioral adj.行为的， 动作的

　　【疑难长句】

　　Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.

　　(参考译文)泰勒在1938年的时候已经全国闻名。那一年， 他应罗伯特?哈钦斯的邀请， 从俄亥俄州大学来到芝加哥大学， 并把他8年的研究成果也一并带了过去。

　　【答案解析】

　　1. C 细节理解题。由文章第一句 “Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in...”可知， 有可能对Ralph W. Tyler的回忆录感兴趣的人是“那些关注学校和大学教什么以及他们的学生如何学习的人”， 说得简单一些， 就是和教育有关的人士。比较四个选项， 可知C选项的内容与原文最为吻合， 因此C选项为正确答案。

　　2. A 词义猜测题。由原句“became hooked on teaching”可知， 该词组与教学联系在了一起， 再从Ralph W. Tyler后来专门从事教育研究可知， 此处的意思应该是“专门研究、 从事”之类的意思。比较四个选项， 可以发现A选项的内容放在原文当中最为合适， 因此A选项是正确答案。

　　3. B 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段第一句“Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. ”可知， 他在斯坦福大学的行为科学高级研究中心担任了第一任主任， 而且担任了14年。结合四个选项可知， B选项为正确答案。

　　4. C 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知， 尽管Tyler于1967年从工作岗位上退休， 但那以后， 他一直活跃在教学研究领域， 在多家美国和国外教育机构任职， 并且在80多岁的时候还飞到各地讲学和提供建议。比较四个选项可知， C选项为正确答案。

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