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2021考研英语：句型转换的翻译技巧
众所周知，英汉两种语言在表达方式上有相似之处，但更多的是差异。同一思想或概念，英语有英语的表达方式，汉语有汉语的表达方式。在很多情况下，翻译的本质，实际上是一种“替代”。在英译汉时，需用汉语的表达方式去“替代”英文的表达方式;反之亦然。这种翻译中的句型转换，也可以说是“改换说法”。例如：
For most people the word “education” means “school” and “school” conjures up an image of a building with classrooms.
译文：对大部分人来说，“教育”就意味着“学校”，而一提到“学校”，想到的就是大楼里一间间的教室。
注意后半句的翻译：而一提到“学校”，想到的就是大楼里一间间的教室。如果按原文翻译，那可能会出现下面这样的句子：“学校”就会使人在脑海里出现有一间间教室的大楼的形象。这显然不符合我们汉语的习惯说法。但我们对“翻译”的本质往往有误解，以为按着原文的结构来翻译，才算是“忠实”的翻译。
当然，我们不否认有时的确也可以按原文的结构来翻译。但这样做有一个前提条件，即这种结构能符合汉语的规范。正因为如此，汉语中已吸收了不少西方语言的结构。如：
“我们过去是，现在是，将来也是你们忠实的朋友。”
这个说法出自英语下列的句型：
We were, we are, and we will be your faithful friends.
又如，“诗之于散文，犹如跳舞之于步行。”这种说法，出自下列英语的句型：
Poetry is to prose what dancing is to walking.
但更多的场合下，翻译必须“改换说法”，例如：Living in illiteracy is such an unknown — even a little mysterious — experience.
因此，翻译是替代，是改换说法，这是一个十分重要的概念。有了这个观点，我们翻译时就不必亦步亦趋，而是能灵活运用目的语的表达方式，使译文通顺而有生气，符合目的语的表达习惯。
推荐阅读：
出国留学网为您整理“中考英语《句型结构》知识点：同义型句型转换”，欢迎阅读参考，更多有关内容请继续关注本网站中考栏目。
中考英语《句型结构》知识点：同义型句型转换
同义型句型转换
同义型句型转换即是用另一种方式来表述与原句相同的句意，也称作同义句转换，主要考查学生对句型及词汇的掌握情况。
【真题引导1】
I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ___ by bus.
【答案与解析】
该题考查prefer...to...与prefer...rather than...这两个句型的转换。前者后接动词时用V.+ing形式，而后者则接不定式，并且rather than后的不定式符号要省略。答案：rather than go。
推荐阅读：
...
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班级____________ 小组____________ 姓名____________ 评价____________
第二课时(句型转换)
句型转换专练
I.同义句转换： 根据上句完成下句，使上、下两句意思相同或相符。
1.We don't have much money to buy a car. We can not ______ ______ buy a car.
2.She was worried and the librarian was worried，too. She was worried and ______ ______ the librarian.
3.She was surprised to find him at the concert.____ _____ _____ ，she _____ him at the concert.
4.My little brother is too young to look after himself.
My little brother is not ______ ______ to ______ ______ ______ himself.
5.He went to bed at twelve last night. He ______ ______ to bed ______ twelve last night.
6.Mr Brown went to Hong Kong by air yesterday.Mr Brown _____ _____ Hong Kong yesterday.
7.Which sport are you in today? Which sport do you ______ ______ ______ today?
8.Jim runs the fastest of the three boys. Jim runs ______ ______ the other ______ boys.
9.I want to catch up with my classmates. I don't want to ______ ______ my classmates.
10.Lucy was born in 1989.So was Kate. Lucy is ______ ______ ______ Kate.
11.She found that he was a very good pupil. She ______ ______ a very good pupil.
12.His friend didn't know what he should do. His friend didn't know ______ ______ do.
1...
以下《2014考研英语翻译技巧：句型转换》由出国留学网考研英语频道为您精心提供，欢迎大家浏览参考。
2014年硕士研究生入学考试在即，在最后的冲刺阶段，很多考生表示复习心态比较浮躁，无法专心看书。由于书写可以让心情得到沉淀，因此建议大家在最后的冲刺阶段多进行书写工作，例如练习笔译或进行写作，为此，文都考研辅导老师为大家整理有关考研英语中英译汉的笔译技巧，供广大考生参考借鉴。
众所周知，英汉两种语言在表达方式上有相似之处，但更多的是差异。同一思想或概念，英语有英语的表达方式，汉语有汉语的表达方式。在很多情况下，翻译的本质，实际上是一种“替代”。在英译汉时，需用汉语的表达方式去“替代”英文的表达方式;反之亦然。这种翻译中的句型转换，也可以说是“该换说法”。例如：
For most people the word “education” means “school” and “school” conjures up an image of a building with classrooms.
译文：对大部分人来说，“教育”就意味着“学校”，而一提到“学校”，想到的就是大楼里一间间的教室。
注意后半句的翻译：而一提到“学校”，想到的就是大楼里一间间的教室。如果按原文翻译，那可能会出现下面这样的句子：“学校”就会使人在脑海里出现有一间间教室的大楼的形象。
这显然不符合我们汉语的习惯说法。但我们对“翻译”的本质往往有误解，以为按着原文的结构来翻译，才算是“忠实”的翻译。当然，我们不否认有时的确也可以按原文的结构来翻译。但这样做有一个前提条件，即这种结构能符合汉语的规范。正因为如此，汉语中已吸收了不少西方语言的结构。如：
“我们过去是，现在是，将来也是你们忠实的朋友。”
这个说法出自英语下列的句型：
We were, we are, and we will be your faithful friends.
又如，“诗之于散文，犹如跳舞之于步行。”这种说法，出自下列英语的句型：
Poetry is to prose what dancing is to walking.
但更多的场合下，翻译必须“改换说法”。例：
Living in illiteracy is such an unknown — even a little mysterious — experience.
文盲是怎样生活的?我们不知道;对我们来说，甚至还会感到有些神秘。
试比较：
生活在不能读书识字的情况下是一种不为人所知的—— 甚至是一种神秘的——经历。
因此，翻译是替代，是改换说法，这是一个十分重要的概念。有了这个观点，我们翻译时就不必亦步亦趋，而是能灵活运用目的语的表达方式，使译文通顺而有生气，符合目的语的表达习惯。
考研英语栏目推荐链接：
<...10-23
I. 根据题后要求转换下列句型, 每空一词(含缩写)。
1. Mary’s never been to Beijing. (改为反意疑问句)
Mary’s never been to Beijing, ______ ______?
2. His father used to work in the factory. (改为否定句)
His father ______ ______ to work in the factory.
3. Have you heard of the scientist? His name is Stephen Hawking.(合并为简单句)
Have you heard of the scientist ______ Stephen Hawking?
4. The old man has been away from his hometown for twenty years. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ has the old man been away from his hometown?
5. Some apples were bought for me by my mother last Sunday. (改为主动句)
My mother ______ ______ some apples last Sunday.
II. 根据上句写出下句, 使上下两句意思相同或相近, 每空一词(含缩写)。
6. We will go to the Great Wall for a visit if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
We will go to the Great Wall for a visit ______ it ______ tomorrow.
7. Whose book is this?
______ is the ______ of the book?
8. Whatever you say, I won’t believe you.
______ ______ what you say, I won’t believe you.
9. Can you tell me how I can get the ticket?
Can you tell me how ______ ______ the ticket?
10. We use knives to cut things.
Knives are ______ ______ cutting things.
山东 管延国
Key:
1. has she 2. didn’t use 3. called / named 4. How long 5. bought me 6. unless; rains 7. Who; owner 8. No matter 9. to get 10. used for
10-23
I. 根据上句写出下句, 使上下两句意思相同或相近, 每空一词。
1. Your parents were looking for you everywhere just now.
Your parents were looking for you _______ and _______ just now.
2. Do you know when we will visit the Great Wall?
Do you know _______ _______ visit the Great Wall?
3. At times I make mistakes when I speak English.
I _______ make mistakes when I speak English.
4. The loud music makes me nervous.
The loud music makes me _______ _______.
5. He turned down the radio in order that his neighbors couldn’t hear it.
He turned down the radio _______ _______ his neighbors couldn’t hear it.
II. 根据题后要求, 完成下面句子转换, 每空一词。
1. I would rather listen to music than go swimming. (改为同义句)
I _______ _______ listen to music rather than _______ swimming.
2. I’d like to stay here with you. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ you like to stay here with _______?
3. The fine weather makes me happy. (就划线部分提问)
_______ _______ the fine weather make you?
4. The sweater was very cheap. I decided to buy it. (用so... that改写句子)
The sweater was _______ _______ _______ I decided to buy it.
5. He said, “I have waited for nearly two hours.” (改为间接引语)
He said that _______ _______ waited for nearly two hours.
Key:
I. 1. here; there 2. when to 3. sometimes 4. feel tense 5. so that
II. 1. prefer to; go 2. Would; me 3. How does 4. so ch...
05-15
句型转换
1.The mountain is very beautiful.(改为感叹句)
______ ____beautiful mountain it is!
2.How is the weather in China?(改为同义句)
______the weather ______in China.
3.The boy is the most careless in his class.(改为同义句)
The boy is ______ ______than _________boy in his class.
4.He didn't watch TV，his mother didn't either.(改为同义句)
_________he ______his mother watched TV.
5.I spent the whole afternoon learning English.(同上)
I spent ______ _______ ________learning English.
6.I spent 100 yuan on the coat.(同上)
I _____100 yuan _____the coat.
I ______100 yuan ________the coat.
The coat _______me 100 yuan.
7.He has worked in this school since 2 years ago.
(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______has he worked in this school.
8.He joined the aray 3 months ago.(改为同义句)
____ ____3 months since he joined the aray.
3 months ______ _______since he joined the aray.
He _____ ______ _______the aray for 3 months.
9.The visitors had a good time in Beijing.(同上)
The visitors ________ ___________in Beijing.
10.He will come back in a week.(对划线部分提问)
_______ _______will he come back?
11.He has never been abroad.(改为反意疑问句)
He has never been abroad，_____ _____?
12.Don't go alone.(改为反意疑问句)
Don't go alone,_____ _____?
13.There is little meat in the fridge.(改为反意疑...
05-14
解析同义型、条件型句型转换
句型转换是要求学生根据所给的句型，按要求或提示完成考题，考查的是学生对句子结构的构成、变化等方面的知识以及对此类知识的运用能力。该题型首先给出一个完整的句子，再给出一个含有几个空白处的句子，根据不同的要求填入适当的词完成句型转换。句型转换涉及到语法知识的各个方面，在做这种题时，应注意时态、语态、人称、数的变化，特殊疑问词的用法，及助动词的用法等。句型转换考题虽然包括各种句式，但通常以两种形式进行考查：同义型句型转换和条件型句型转换。
一、同义型句型转换
同义型句型转换即是用另一种方式来表述与原句相同的句意，也称作同义句转换，主要考查学生对句型及词汇的掌握情况。
【真题引导1】
I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ___ by bus.
【答案与解析】
该题考查prefer...to...与prefer...rather than...这两个句型的转换。前者后接动词时用V.+ing形式，而后者则接不定式，并且rather than后的不定式符号要省略。答案：rather than go。
【真题引导2】
It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary ____ two weeks ___ for the exam.
【答案与解析】
该题考查的是表示“花费时间做某事”的两个句型的转换，take常用的句型是：it takes +时间 + to do...;而spend却是：sb +spend + 时间 + (in)doing...。答案：spent， in preparing。
【真题引导3】
I always get up before six o'clock in my school days.
I __ get up ______ six o'clock in my school days.
【答案与解析】
根据原句的意思，只有在第二句的两个空白处分别填入never与after，这样才能表达出与第一句相同的含义。这里要注意always的否定副词是never。答案：never，after。
【真题引导4】
The children are too tired to walk farther.
They are_____ tired ____they ____ walk farther.
【答案与解析】
含有too...to的简单句常和so...that 引导的复合句互相转换。但是too...to的本身是否定意义，so...that从句要改为否定。答案：so, that, can't。
【真题引导5】
The girl left her home a few days ago, she has not come back yet.
The girl has____ from her home for a fe...
05-10
英语所有句型转换的方法
1、句中含有am，is,are,的，将am，is,are,移位到句首，构成疑问句。
在am，is,are后面加not构成否定句
2、划线部分提问：句中不能出现划线部分，但将划线部分转成疑问词．
将陈述句变成祈使句
将陈述句变成疑问句
一般疑问句，
就是将一般疑问词提到句首。
没有一般疑问次（amisare）就加上助动词放在句首。
然后句子中间注意要改变的地方。
比如说，如果是一句以第三人称来写的陈述句。
那一些动词后面会加上es。
如果要改成一般疑问句，
句子里面又必须将助动词does（第三人称单数）放在句首作一般疑问句的话，那改变的时候，动词后面就必须去es。
然后就是some和any的事情，
陈述句用some，
一般疑问句用any。
但是一小部分一般疑问句里面，
看到some，
一般疑问句也是要改some的。
在这句句子是……
比如说想要什么东西，
一般疑问句里面就要用some。
还有一种是特殊疑问句，
题目一般是划线提问。
根据划线的词语选用特殊疑问词，
放在句首，
进行提问。
特殊疑问词一般是w或wh开头的。
如：
whathowwhohowmanyhowmuchwhatcolour
howoldwhichwhy……
等等……
小学里面疑问句最主要的就是这些了。
回答者：yyxyp-见习魔法师二级8-2512:54
古人云"授人鱼，不如授人渔。"古人尚且知道授人知识不如授人方法的道理，那么在各种理论高度发展的今天为什么就不能多重视一点方法和传授呢？句子教学是英语教学中的重要环节，有了句子作为基础，学生才能学好英语，也才能真正运用英语。
在几年的英语教学中，我总结了一些英语句子教学的小窍门，现简单归纳如下：
一、肯定句改否定句的方法--一步法
1、在be动词后加not。如：isnot，arenot，amnot，wasnot，werenot；
2、在can，should，will等后加not。如：cannot，shouldnot，willnot；
3、上述都没有的，在动词前加助动词否定形式don't/doesn't/didn't。
4、some改成any。
二、肯定句改一般疑问句的方法--三步法
1、把be动词放在句首，剩下的照抄，（some改成any，my改成your等）句点改成问号。
2、把can，shall，will等放到句首，剩下的照抄，（some改成any，m...
《九年级英语句型转换专项一》由出国留学编辑精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86.com。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。
I． 单复数相互转换，每空一词（含缩写）。
1. The woman is a nurse.（改为复数句）
The _________ _________ _________.
2. There are some old cars behind the house.（改为单数句）
There _________ _________ old _________ behind the house.
3. He has a new book.（改为复数句）
_________ _________ new _________.
4. Are these your English-Chinese dictionaries? （改为单数句）
_______ _______ your English-Chinese _______?
5. Is there a sheep on the hill?（改为复数句）
________ there ________ ________ on the hill?
II. 陈述句与疑问句相互转换，每空一词（含缩写）。
6. Mr Hu taught her maths last year.（改为一般疑问句）
________ Mr Hu ________ her maths last year?
7. The foreign visitor comes from Russia.（用Australia完成选择疑问句）
_________ the foreign visitor come from Russia _________ _________?
8. Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ Tom _________ lunch at school every day?
9. That dictionary cost him twenty yuan. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ that dictionary _________ him twenty yuan?
10. Did you do your homework at school yesterday?(改为陈述句)
I _________ _________ homework at school yesterday.
III. 把下列句子变成反意疑问句，每空一词（含缩写）。
11. You've never been out of China before.
You've never been out of China before, _________ _________?
12. You came here together.
You came here together, _________ _______...
句型转换推荐访问
