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2020年考研英语语法知识点:相互代词

 

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  2020年考研英语语法知识点:相互代词

  相互代词只有each other和one another两种,通常前者表示两者之间的相互关系,后者表示两者以上的人或事物之间的相互关系。

  例句: Language, culture, and personality may be considered independently of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact. (1996年第31题)

  分析: 该句是由but引导的并列句。

  译文: 在意识形态中,语言、文化和个性可能被认为是相互独立的,但事实上它们是不可分割的。

  例句: In Europe, as elsewhere, multi media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. (2005年第47题)

  分析: 该句是复合句。句子主干为multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups。定语从句which bring together...修饰groups,其中television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses作bring的宾语,即bring...together, 另一个定语从句that work in relation to one another修饰其前面的几个名词。

  译文: 在欧洲,像在其他地方一样,传媒集团扩张越来越成功,这些集团将相关的电视、 广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。

  注意: 相互代词的所有格形式为each other's,one another's,其后接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式,不能接单数可数名词。

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  2020考研英语逆袭三大方法

  

2017考研英语语法:虚拟语气

 

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  2017考研英语语法:虚拟语气

  定义

  虚拟语气用来表示假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实,或难以实现的,甚至表达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时,也用虚拟语气。

  种类

  陈述语气

  表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。

  祈使语气

  表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。

  虚拟语气

  虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的

  用法

  一、虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令.

  例:May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快.

  二、虚拟语气用在宾语从句中.动词 wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求.

  例:He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿.

  三、虚拟语气用在主语从句中.

  在句型 "It is important (necessary,strange,natural) that ." 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用:should + 动词原形.

  Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人.

  四、虚拟语气用在状语从句中.

  虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中.在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来.

  (一)与现在事实相反的:If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式..if I (he,she) were...I (we) should + 动词原形.He (you,they) would + 动词原形.

  (二)与过去事实相反的:If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词.He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词.

  注意!!!!

  当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时,被称为"混合条件句",这种虚拟语气被称为"混合型虚拟语气",动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。

  当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为"错综时间条件句",动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

...

2017考研英语语法知识点:强调非谓语句

 

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  2017考研英语语法知识点:强调非谓语句

  其基本句型是:“It + is/was + 被强调的成分 + that/who + 其她成分”。It 没有实意,只起语法作用,引导被强调的部分。当被强调的是人时,可用who(m)/that, 其他情况用that。

  例如:

  It was I who/that met Jack yesterday. 是我昨天碰到了Jack.

  (强调主语)

  It was Jack that/whom I met yesterday. 我昨天碰到的是Jack。

  (强调宾语)

  It was yesterday that I met Jack. 是昨天我碰到了Jack.

  (强调时间状语)

  这几句话复原为非强调句就是:I met Jack yesterday.

  It is people, not things, that are decisive. 决定的因素是人,不是物。

  (强调主语)

  It is because the book is very important for my present job that I bought it. 是因为这本书对我目前的工作很有用,我才买了它。

  (强调原因状语)

  It was in the supermarket that I gave the book to him. 是在那家超市里我给了他那本书。(强调地点状语)

  1.强调主语:

  It was John who broke the window. 是John打破了窗子。

  原句:John broke the window.

  It is this overpass that will be pulled down. 将被拆掉的是这个天桥。

  原句:This overpass will be pulled down.

  It is the people who/that are really powerful. 真正有力量的是人民。

  原句:The people are really powerful.

  2.强调状语:

  (1)强调时间状语。

  例如:

  It was at that moment that he changed his mind.

  是在那一刻他改变了主意。

  It is every day that Professor Smith goes swimming.

  史密斯教授是天天去游泳。

  It was not until Saturday that he began to prepare for the examination. 他直到星期...

2017考研英语语法知识点:语法倒装

 

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  2017考研英语语法知识点:语法倒装

  1.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句要倒装

  例如:

  Shall I open the door? 要我开门吗?

  Are you cold? 你冷吗?

  Can you read this poem in German? 你能用德语朗诵这首诗吗?

  Which of the pictures do you like best? 你最喜欢哪张画?

  How are you getting along? 你目前怎么样?

  When will there be lasting peace in the world?

  什么时候世界上才能有持久的和平?

  2.There be 句型当中。There be 句型表达的意思是:“某处有….”。这个句型的主语在谓语动词后面,因此这是倒装语序。

  例如:

  There are not many people who want to read this book.

  想看这本书的人不多。

  There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.

  在这个洞里曾经住过一群狼。

  There happened to be a taxi parked at the gate.

  碰巧门口停着一辆出租车。

  There is going to be a change in our arrangement.

  我们的安排将有一个变化。

  3.当连词as 表示“虽然、尽管”引导让步状语从句时,句子要倒装,as 相当于though,可以替换。

  如:

  Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.

  尽管原子很小,我们可以击碎它。

  Tired as/though he was, he went on working.

  (=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)

  虽然他很累,他还是接着工作。

  Cold as/though it was, we went out. 虽然天气冷,我们还是出去了。

  Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.

  她虽然是个孩子,但她懂得很多。

  Teacher as he is, he knows little about teaching.

  尽管他是个老师,但不懂什么教学。

  Pilots as he claims he is, no one has ever seen him...

2017考研英语语法知识点:副词性连接词

 

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  2017考研英语语法知识点:副词性连接词

  副词性连接词

  副词性质的连接词不能象连词一样分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。也就是说它们不能连接两个分句或引导从句。它们引导的句子与前面的句子之间要用分号或句号,而它们与引导的句子之间往往用逗号。副词性质的连接词在写作中常常使用,主要分为以下几类:

  1.表示顺序的,如first, in the first place, then, finally, inthe end等等。尤其要注意then. 如:

  误:He graduated from college in 2003, then hefound a job.

  正:He graduated from college in 2003, and thenhe found a job.

  Hegraduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.

  2.表示递进关系的,如in addition, what is more, furthermore,moreover等。注意in addition 与in addition to 的区别:inaddition 是副词性质;而in addition to 是介词性质,后面必须接宾语。

  3.表示转折关系的,如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on thecontrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 当成连词:

  误:In 2003, the United States launched the waron Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction (WMD),however, no WMD has been found in Iraq so far.

  正:In 2003, the United States launched the waron Iraq on account of Iraq possessing weapons of mass destruction(WMD). However, no WMD has been found inIraqso far.

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2017考研英语语法知识点:从属连词

 

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  2017考研英语语法知识点:从属连词

  从属连词从属连词是用来引导从句的。

  1.连词that, if, whether,连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose以及连接副词how, when, why, where可用来引导名词从句,充当主语、表语、宾语等。非正式文体中的宾语从句常省略that:

  I think (that) he’ll be back in an hour. 我认为他一小时后就会回来。

  Who they are doesn’t matter much. 他们是谁没什么大关系。

  Can you tell me where he is? 你能告诉我他在哪儿吗?

  He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。

  此外,that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等还可以引导定语从句。

  2.连词when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引导时间状语从句:

  She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的时候,和我打了招呼。

  I’ll wait here until you come back. 我将在这里等你回来。

  3.连词if, unless引导条件状语从句;because, as, since引导原因状语从句:

  I’ll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我,我就帮助她。

  I won’t help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我,否则我不会帮她。

  He didn’t come because he was ill. 因为他病了,所以没来。

  As he hasn’t appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他还没有出现,我们就先开始吧。

  Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。

  4.连词in order than, so that引导目的状语从句;so…that…引导结果状语从句:

  I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把门锁上了,以便我们可以继续讨论而不受打扰。

  The car r...

2017考研英语语法知识点:并列连词

 

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  2017考研英语语法知识点:并列连词

  连词用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子。连词不能单独作句子成分,也没有词形变化。连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种。

  并列连词

  并列连词用来连接句子中担任相同成分的词、短语或分句。常见的有七个单词和四个短语:and, but, or, for(因为), nor, so, yet; both…and…, not only….but also…., either…or…., neither…nor…

  1.and用来连接词、短语或分句,表示并列或对称关系:

  The man put on his coat and hat, and went out of the office. 那个人穿上外衣、戴上帽子,走出了办公室。

  A car and a dictionary are both useful. 汽车和字典都有用处。

  I went home and John stayed there. 我回家了,而约翰呆在那里。

  2.but连接两个含义不同甚至相反的词、短语或分句,表示转折:

  Not everybody is honest and hardworking, but Tom is. 并非每个人都诚实肯干,但汤姆是的。

  We tried to persuade her to do it but failed. 我们尽力说服她去做,但没有成功。

  3.or表示两者居其一,表示选择:

  Which VCD player is better, this one or that one? 哪个VCD更好,这个还是那个?

  Are you hungry or not? 你饿了没有?

  4.For(因为)只能放在表示结过的分句后面,引导表示原因的分句:

  I must be going, for it’s getting dark. 我必须走了,因为天黑了。

  He didn’t go there, for he was ill. 他没到那儿去,因为他病了。

  5.Both…and…只能用来连接两个并列的词或短语,不能连接句子:

  His plan is both easy and practical. 他的计划既容易又实用。

  Zhang Yimou is a famous director both at home and abroad. 张艺谋是一位在国内外都著名的导演。

  Both this plane and its engines are made in China. 飞机和它的发动机都是中国制造的。

  6.Not only…but also…不但能连接词和短语,而且还能连接分句。Also 有时省略。注意not only 位于句首时,主语和谓语需要倒装:

  He is not only an actor but also a writ...

2017考研英语语法知识点:it用于强调结构

 

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  2017考研英语语法知识点:it用于强调结构

  在表示强调的结构中,it 可用作先行代词,这种结构的句型如下:It +is/was +被强调的部分+that +其他部分。如果强调的部分是人,可用who, whom 代替that.

  例如:

  Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

  王教授每星期一下午教我们英语。

  强调主语:It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

  强调间接宾语:It is us whom Prof. Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.

  强调直接宾语:It is English that Prof. Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.

  强调状语:It is every Monday afternoon that Prof. Wang teaches us English.

  It was here that I first met him. 这就是我初次与他见面的地方。

  (强调状语)

  It is the people who are realy powerful.

  翻译练习

  1)该上课了,快。

  It is time for class. Hurry up.

  2)从这儿到你们学校远吗??不远,大约一公里。

  Is it far from here to your school? ?No, it isn’t. It’s about a kilometer.

  3)从我家到颐和园去很近。

  It is very near from my home to the Summer Palace.

  4)(天)正在下雨。

  It’s raining now.

  5)电灯是爱迪生发明的。

  It was Edison who invented the electric light.

  6)我认为学习一门外语是很重要的。

  I think it important to learn a foreign language.

  7)他通常一天读两次英语。

  He made it a rule to read English twice a day.

  8)从我家去天安门广场坐公共汽车大约要一个小时。

  It takes about an hour to go from my home to the Tian’anmen Square by bus.

2017考研英语语法知识点:it作形式主语

 

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  2017考研英语语法知识点:it作形式主语

  动词不定式、动名词短语起、从句在句子中起主语作用,而这一部分用词较多时,可以用it作为形式主语,放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。

  1.It +谓语+动词不定式。It 作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。

  例如:

  It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艰难的。

  It’s a good habit to do morning exercises. 作早操是个好习惯。

  It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language. 在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。

  It is right to do so. 这样做是对的。

  2.It+谓语+动名词短语。It 作形式主语,动名词短语作真正的主语。

  例如:

  It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危险的。

  It is no use learning without thinking. 学而不思则罔。

  It’s useless arguing with a silly boy. 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。

  3.It +谓语+名词性从句。It 作形式主语,以that 引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。

  例如:

  It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.

  你没看这么好的电影,真可惜。

  It is certain that we shall succeed. 我们一定会成功。

  It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.

  真奇怪,谁也不知道他住在哪里。

  (It is strange that…后面可用虚拟语气。

  如:It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.

  他居然犯了这样一个错误,真奇怪。

  It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.

  居然没有人知道他住在哪里,真奇怪。)

  It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.

  据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。

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2017考研英语语法:it作句子的真正主语

 

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  2017考研英语语法:it作句子的真正主语

  1.it 指前面已经提到过的人或事物,有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物,作真正主语。

  例如:

  What’s this? -It is a sheep? 这是什么??这是一只绵羊。

  Who is it? -It’s me (I). 谁??是我。

  It’s the wind shaking the window. 是风刮得窗户响。

  2.it指时间、季节。一般用在无人称动词的主语。

  例如:

  What time is it? -It’s nine. 几点了??九点了。

  It’s time for the meeting. Let’s go. 开会的时间到了,我们走吧。

  What day is today? -It’s Saturday. 今天星期几??今天星期六。

  What’s the date today? -It is October 1st.

  今天是几号? ?今天是十月一日。

  What season is it? -It is summer. 现在是什么季节??是夏季。

  3.it 指气候。一般作无人称动词的主语。

  例如:

  Is it cold in this room? -No, it isn’t. 屋里冷吗??不冷。

  What’s the weather like today? -It is fine.

  今天天气怎么样??是晴天。

  It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city.

  这个城市夏天经常下雨,冬天经常下雪。

  4.it指距离、情况等。一般用作无人称动词的主语。

  例如:

  It is five kilometers from my home to the school.

  从我家到学校有五公里。

  It is very near from this factory to that one.

  从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。

  It is a long way to the sea. 离海很远。

  Is it well with you? 你身体好吗?

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