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英语专八改错考前突击训练(30)

02-15

 

  When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them __1__

  have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most __2__

  obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful

  capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing __3__

  the new born child can do to ensure his own survival. Without care from some

  other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a

  child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked

  contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within __4__

  minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young

  animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, __5__

  compared with the human infant, they very quickly develop the capacity to

  fend for them. __6__

  It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally

  dependent on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all __7__

  other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,

  biologists now suggest that language be “ species specific” to the human race, __8__

  that is to say, they consider the human i...

英语专八改错考前突击训练(29)

02-15

 

  For the last fifteen or twenty years the fashion in criticism or appreciation of the arts have been to deny the existence of any valid criteria and to make the __1__

  words “good” or “bad” irrelevant, immaterial, and inapplicable. There is no such thing, we are told, like a set of standards first acquired through experience and __2__

  knowledge and late imposed on the subject under discussion. This has been a __3__

  popular approach, for it relieves the critic of the responsibility of judgment and the

  public by the necessity of knowledge. It pleases those resentful of disciplines, it __4__

  flatters the empty-minded by calling him open-minded, it comforts the __5__

  confused. Under the banner of democracy and the kind of quality which our

  forefathers did no mean, it says, in effect, “Who are you to tell us what is good

  or bad?” This is same cry used so long and so effectively by the producers of mass __6__

  media who insist that it is the public, not they, who decide what it wants to hear __7__

  and to see, and that for a critic to say that this program is bad and that program

  is good is pure a reflection of personal taste. Nobody recently has expressed this __8__

  philosophy most succinctly than Dr. Frank Stanton, the highly intelligent __9__

  president of CBS television. At a hearing before the Federal Communications

  Commission, this phrase...

英语专八改错考前突击训练(28)

02-15

 

  During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat __1__

  became an increasing favorite topic of conversation. __2__

  War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop.

  For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn,

  so farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that __3__

  they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, __4__

  just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producers __5__

  groups asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become __6__

  involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild. __7__

  Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal government appointed __8__

  a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917

  and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices

  fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed __9__

  the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to buy, sell, and set pri...

英语专八改错考前突击训练(27)

02-15

 

  Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised __1__

  hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, __2__

  enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey. __3__

  To understand how this transformation has taken place we

  must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a million __4__

  year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival depended on success __5__

  in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their __6__

  bodies, became radically changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers,

  aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group __7__

  attackers.

  Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long formative __8__

  period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence,

  so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use—that of penning, __9__

  controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms,

  awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer __10__

  essential for survival.

  参考答案及解析:

  1. 将viewing改为viewed

  非谓语动词view和句子的主语是逻辑动宾...

英语专八改错考前突击训练(26)

02-14

 

  There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt ‘naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography __1__

  is learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds __2__

  like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock when we __3__

  firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at once, __4__

  whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We __5__

  begin the ‘natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to

  read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and __6__

  practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every __7__

  day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling.

  This is ‘ natural’, therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our im- __8__

  mediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates a means of holding a

  community and to give a sense of ‘belonging’. We learn quite early to recognize a __9__

  ‘stranger’, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community—perhaps

  only a few miles far. __10__

...

英语专八改错考前突击训练(25)

02-14

 

  The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric human __1__

  ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing with animal foods __2__

  An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that one-half emphasize gathering plants foods, one-third concentrate on fishing, and only one-sixth are primarily hunters,

  Overall, two-thirds and more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from __3__

  plants. Detailed studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University

  of London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of food

  than is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible __4__

  calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. __5__

  Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, and no __6__

  one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if they escape fatal infections

  or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to old ages despite of the absence __7__

  of medical care. They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little

  dental decay, no high blood pressure, no heart disease, and their blood

  cholesterol levels are very low (about half of the average American adult). __8__

  If no one is suggesting that we return to an aboriginal life style, we certainly __9__

  could use their eating habi...

英语专八改错考前途突击训练(24)

02-14

 

  Classic Intention Movement

  In social situations, the classic Intention Movement is “the

  chair-grasp”. Host and guest have been talking for some time, but now the host has an appointment to keep and can get away. His urge __1__

  to go is held in cheek by his desire not be rude to his guest. If he did __2__

  not care of his guest’s feelings he would simply get up out of his chair __3__

  and to announce his departure. This is what his body wants to do, __4__

  therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him __5__

  raise. It is at this point that he performs the chair-grasp Intention __6__

  Movement. He continues to talk to the guest and listen to him, but leans

  forward and grasps the arms of the chair as about to push himself upwards. __7__

  This is the first act he would make if he were rising. If he were not __8__

  hesitating, it would only last the fraction of the second. He would lean, __9__

  push, rise, and be up. But now, instead, it lasts much longer. He

  holds his “readiness-to-rise” post and keeps on holding it. It is as if his __10__

  body had frozen at the get-ready moment.

  答案及解析:

  1. 将can改为must

  根据上下文的意思“主人有一个约会,必须离开”是客观要求,而不是“能不能”或者“可不可以”的问题。

  2. not后面加to

  desire 后应该加动词不定式to do something。

  3. 将of 改为about

  care about意思为“对…在意,在乎”,而care of 意思...

英语专八改错考前突击训练(23)

02-14

 

  Most people would describe water like a colorless liquid. They __1__

  would know that in very cold conditions it becomes a solid called

  ice and that when heating on a fire it becomes a vapor called steam. __2__

  However, water, they would say, is a liquid. We have learned that water consists of molecules composed with two atoms of hydrogen __3__

  and one atom of oxygen, which we describe by the formula H2O.

  This is equally true of the solid called ice and the gas called steam.

  Chemically there is no difference between the gas, the liquid, and

  the solid, all of which is made up of molecules with the formula H2O. __4__

  This is true of other chemical substances; most of them can exist as

  gases or as liquids or as solids. We may normally think of iron as a

  solid, but if we will heat it in a furnace, it will melt and become a __5__

  liquid, and at very high temperatures it will become a gas. Nothing

  very permanent occurs when a gas changes into a liquid or a solid.

  Everyone knows that ice, which has been made by freezing water,

  can be melted again by warmed and that steam can be condensed __6__

  on a cold surface to become liquid water. In fact, it is only because

  water is so a familiar substance that different names are used for __7__

  the solid, liquid and gas. Most substances are only familiar with __8__

英语专八改错考前突击训练(22)

02-14

 

  Artists use caricature to distort the human face or figure for comic affect, __1__

  while at the same time capturing an identifiable likeness and suggests the essence __2__

  of the personality or character beneath the surface. The humor lies in the fact __3__

  the caricature is recognizable, and yet exaggerated.

  From their origin in Europe as witty sketches, caricature grew through __4__

  the eighteenth and nineteenth century, becoming enormously popular in __5__

  the United States early in this century. In 1920s and 1930s especially,

  this lively form of illustration was appeared in newspapers and __6__

  magazines throughout the country. The caricaturists in this era drew his __7__

  portraits of important figures primary to entertain. In spirit their work was __8__

  close to the humor of the fast-developing comic strip and gag cartoon than to the __9__

  string of political satire. Their subjects were more often amusing than offended __10__

  by amiable attacks.

  参考答案及解析:

  1. 将affect改为effect

  affect是动词。effect是名词。

  2. 将suggests改为 suggesting

  这是一个以while引导的从句,其中suggest应该与capturing并列。

  3.在fact后面加上that

  因为引导同位语从句的关系词不可以省略。

  4. 将their改为its

  这里its指代单数名词caricature

  5. 将century改为复数形式

  6. 将was省略

  appear是不及物动词,不应用于被动语态。

  7. 将his改为their

  这里指代复数名词 the ca...

英语专八改错考前突击训练(21)

02-14

 

  A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale. Some cities have lost their

  original purpose and have not found new one. And any large or rich city is __1__

  going to attract poor immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of __2__

  prosperity which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns on the

  edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were on the edge of __3__

  seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth-century Paris. This is new is __4__

  the scale. Descriptions written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of

  Mexico City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, are very __5__

  dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today—the poor can still be numbered __6__

  in millions.

  The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity, but behind it lies __7__

  two myths; the myth of the city as a promised land, that attracts immigrants __8__

  from rural poverty and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the __9__

  country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, sends them flood __10__

  -ing out again to the suburbs.

  参考答案及解析:

  1. 在new one前加a

  这里one指代上下文中的可数名词purpose,因此该词前要有限定词。

  2. 将filling改为filled

  在这里,非谓语动词fill与句子的who(poor immigrants)之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此要使用过去分...