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2021考研英语：必考核心词汇练习十一
essential
a.本质的，基本的;净化的 n.本质;要素
【例】Both induction and deduction are essential characteristics of rational thinking.归纳与推论都是理性思维的重要特征。
【派生】essentially ad.本质上;基本上
【构词】ess(存在)+-ential(形容词后缀)→赖以存在的→本质的
【真题】If er intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any for any type of meal to be served.
如果我们想请朋友吃饭 ，我们得设计菜单，做一张购物单，决定先做什么食物，这些计划对任何情况下的请客都是必须的。
peculiar
a.古怪的，异常的;特殊的，特有的
【例】The artificial earth satellites occupy a peculiar intermediate position between science and technology.人造地球卫星在科学和技术之间占有一个独特的中介地位。
【同义替换】bizarre, odd, eccentric, characteristic, special
【派生】peculiarity n.独特性，特质，怪癖 peculiarly ad.古怪地，怪癖地，异常地
【真题】Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
而且，人类有能力去改变他们所生存的环境，从而使所有其他的生物服从于他们奇怪的想法和幻想。
mutual
a.相互的，彼此的;共同的，共有的
【例】The ever-growing exchange in the cultural field has promoted the mutual learning between Asian and European cultures.文化领域交往的不断发展，促进了亚欧文明的相互学习。
【同义替换】reciprocal, common, collective
【派生】mutually ad.相互地;共同地
【真题】Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.
对商业方法专利申请的限制将会是一个戏剧性的转变，因为这一专利权正是联邦巡回法院在1998年时判决所谓的“美国道富银行”案件时引入的，该判决支持集资共有基金资产的方式。
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