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2021年考研英语:宾语难点之宾语后置

 

  考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了,看看哪些是该注意的,下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021年考研英语:宾语难点之宾语后置”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

  2021年考研英语:宾语难点之宾语后置

  句子的基本句型中有一个结构是主谓宾,既然宾语已经在句末了,那怎么会出现宾语后置的情况呢?宾语后置是把宾语放到什么成分后面呢?我们通过一个试题例句分析一下。

  (2006年翻译)He has elected as his primary duty and pleasure the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.

  分析这个句子,很容易能够找到,主语是he,谓语是has elected,但是elected后面接的成分能充当宾语吗?as his primary duty and pleasure是一个介词短语,而宾语必须是名词性成分,这意味着as his primary duty and pleasure不是句子的宾语,这个句子的宾语是the activity这个名词,这就是所谓的宾语后置——把宾语放到句末,放到介词短语后。那这样的结构我们应该如何识别和翻译呢?

  一、宾语后置有三个基本结构

  (1)动词+介词短语+宾语

  这种结构就是上文中06年翻译中出现的结构,在此就不赘述了。

  (2)动词+形容词+宾语

  The abstract concept makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. (2003年翻译)

  主语是The abstract concept,谓语是makes,谓语后面跟的possible是个形容词,不能充当宾语,amounts是名词可以充当宾语,构成了动词+形容词+宾语这样的结构,故此句的宾语为amounts。

  (3)动词+it+形容词+宾语

  The explanation seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time. (2005年完型)

  这个句子的主语是the explanation,谓语是seems to be,宾语是从that开始到句子末尾的宾语从句。在从句中主语是brain,谓语是finds,it是形式宾语,没有任何含义,inefficient是形容词,真正的宾语是to do不定式,构成了动词+it+形容词+宾语这个结构。

  宾语后置结构的翻译需要我们把真正的宾语识别出来后,将宾语归位,再进行翻译。

  文章开头06年翻译的句子,识别出是宾语后置后,需要把宾语归位,正常语序是He has elected the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems as his primary duty and pleasure.宾语归位完成后,进行顺译即可:他选择把用苏格拉底的方...

2014年考研英语语法难点解析

 

  以下由出国留学网考研英语复习资料频道为为您精心提供,欢迎大学参考。

  (1)疑问词+不定式结构

  疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、的宾语、的表语和双重宾语。如:

  When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)

  I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)

  The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)

  I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)

  (注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:

  I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。

  B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式:

  While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as hegrew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.

  (2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。

  When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help butgetting your shoes wet.

  (3)不带to的不定式

  1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:

  feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到

  watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知

  notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听

  On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprangto his feet,and went on the rescue.

  2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如:

  Let him do it.让他做吧。

  I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。

  (注):

  ①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:

  He was seen to come.

  The boy was made to go to bed early.

  ②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:

  He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。...

2014考研英语语法难点:定语从句

 

  2014考研钟声已然敲响,英语的复习是一个从基础不断提升的过程,考研英语的复习要有针对性的高效率复习,制定一个详细有效的复习计划,作文是成功的关键,出国留学网为您作文写作提供良好的素材和技巧,希望最您有所帮助。

  历年考研真题中,阅读、翻译、新题型中都包含定语从句的考查,而且是考查的重点。对于英语基础薄弱,或者是放开英语多年的考生来说,如何攻克考研英语中的定语从句,是一个很棘手的问题。面对多数同学的困惑,小编将在本节着重讲解定语从句的一些知识,广大考生可以此为参考,一方面给自己增加信心,一方面让自己的英语知识更加扎实。

  一、定语从句的定义:

  用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫定语从句。定语从句有两个必备的基本元素。一个是先行词;一个是关系词。被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词,定语从句必须置于先行词之后。

  1. 先行词

  (1)名词或代词做先行词。

  例:He laughs best who laughs last.

  (2)短语做先行词。

  例:Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.

  (3)句子做先行词。

  例:The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

  I am a student, which you all know.

  2. 关系词/引导词(关系代词、关系副词)

  (1)定语从句里面关系代词的用法。

  1) 常用的关系代词:which, that, who(m), whose, what, as, than。Whom现在用的很少。前面有介词时只能用which,不能用that。 定语从句的先行词为all, everything, something, nothing, anything或用作名词的little, much或先行词前有only, any, no时,先行词为序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时,先行词是两个不同性质的词,一个指人,一个指物时,先行词表示确切时间(time,day)、距离(distance)、方向(direction)、倍数(times)、方式(way)时,关系代词用that。

  2) 关系代词what, as, than在考试中的特殊情况。

  A. What

  a. what是子母同体。既是先行词也是关系词。所以,What前面不应该再出现先行词。 如果前面已经有一个先行词,就不能用what来引导。

  例:You can have everyt...

中考英语语法:2010年中考英语语法难点汇总

05-21

标签: 介词 动作 从句

 《2010年中考英语语法难点汇总》由出国留学编辑精心为您学习英语准备.liuxue86.com。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。

介词
I. 要点
1、介词和种类
(1) 简单介词,常用的有 at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等。
(2) 复合介词,如 by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of 等。

2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
(1) 和动词的搭配,如 agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about 等。
(2) 和形容词的搭配,如 afraid of, angry with, different from, good at 等。
(3) 和名词的搭配,如 answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to 等。

3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有 right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely 等少数几个副词。如:
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.

4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
(1) at, on, in (表时间)
表示时间点用 at,如 at four o'clock, at midnight 等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用 at,如 at that time, at Christmas 等。
指某天用 on, 如 on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用 on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst 等。
指长于或短于一天的时段用 in,如 in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999 等。
(2) between, among (表位置)
between 仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用 between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among 用于三者或三者以上之间。如:
He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside 意为"在……旁边",而 besides 意为"除……之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4) in the tree, on the tree
in the ...