科学美国人60秒

　　想象一下女子水手队。平均每周训练18个小时，游泳75英里，这些运动员肌肉发达。但是，和史前女农民相比，这些运动员可以说没有什么臂力。今天出国留学网小编就给大家介绍一下托福听力科学美国人60秒 古代女性臂力惊人。

　　This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I＇mKaren Hopkin.

　　Picture a women＇s crew team. Training 18 hours andcovering 75 miles in an average week， theseathletes are pretty ripped. Yet they don＇t hold abicep to prehistoric female farmers. Because a newstudy shows that， based on upper arm strength， theNeolithic ladies leave modern women—even elite athletes—in the dust. The work appears in thejournal Science Advances.

　　The study＇s researchers had previously examined the bones of prehistoric men. Becausebones adapt to the load they bear， they can provide a record of the sort of activities in whichan individual regularly engages. So， at the dawn of agriculture， men＇s leg bones were strong， like today＇s cross-country runners. But by the late Iron Age， their leg bones looked more likethat of the average couch potato.

　　＂So this kind of matched with declines in mobility as people became more sedentary throughtime.＂

　　Alison Macintosh， who did that work when she was an undergraduate student in archaeologyat the University of Cambridge.

　　＂But we didn＇t see these drops in women. Their leg bone strength was consistently lower thanmen＇s， it didn＇t change significantly through time. So really the women just looked quitesedentary pretty much right from the get-go. And we didn＇t think that was very p...

　　下面是出国留学网英语频道整理的BBC News：加拿大著名节目主持人遭解雇，欢迎阅读。

　　Is Lying a Good Strategy?

　　说谎是个好策略吗

　　Everybody lies. But for the most part, we still see ourselves as good, honest people. So, why do we do it—and are we all just kidding ourselves?

　　所有人都会说谎。但大多数情况下，我们仍认为自己是虔诚的、诚实的人。那么问题来了：我们为什么会这样——难道只是在开自己的玩笑吗?

　　[Daniel Ariely:] “So, is lying or being dishonest irrational? Sometimes. Sometimes not.”

　　“说谎或不诚实是非理性的吗?有时是。有时不是。”

　　Behavioral economist Dan Ariely, at Duke Univeristy, studies irrational behavior. In recent years, he has found himself drawn to mendacity, prevarication, fabrication—you know, lying.

　　丹•艾瑞里，来自杜克大学研究非理性行为的行为经济学家。近年来，他发现自己被谎言、搪塞、造假——即撒谎——所吸引。

　　Now Ariely has teamed up with documentarian Yael Melamede to create a film called“(Dis)Honesty.” Through a series of interviews, the movie presents real world cases of cheating, corruption and little white lies alongside Ariely’s scientific findings.

　　现在艾瑞里联手纪录片制片人雅艾尔·梅拉梅德共同创建了一部名叫《(不)诚实》的电影。通过一系列的采访并伴随着艾瑞里的科研成果，这部电影为大家呈现了欺骗、贪腐和一些善意谎言的真实案例。

　　In the process, it becomes clear that the differences between serious fraud and a minor fib may be less significant than we want to believe.

　　在此过程中，有一点越来越明确：撒大谎和撒小谎之间的差异其实并没有我们想象的那么严重。

　　下面来自出国留学网英语频道整理的科学美国人60秒:如果可以，黑猩猩也会“做饭”，欢迎阅读。

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　　Chimps Would "Cook" Food If They Could

　　如果可以，黑猩猩也会“做饭”

　　If you cozy up to a campfire this summer, ponder what Charles Darwin called, quote, "probably the greatest [discovery] ever made by man" - the control of fire. The anthropologist and primatologist Richard Wrangham has argued that the control of fire - and thus, cooking - has actually shaped our bodies and our brains.

　　如果今年夏天你想在参加篝火会时取悦众人，那考虑一下查尔斯·达尔文的名言吧：“这可能是有史以来人类最伟大的发现” ——控制火。人类学家和灵长类动物学家理查德·兰厄姆则认为控制火以及烹饪的行为——实际上塑造了我们的身体和大脑。

　　But cooking isn't just about controlling fire.

　　但是烹饪不仅仅是控制火那么简单。

　　"When you think about cooking it actually has a lot of complex components." Yale psychologist Alexandra Rosati.

　　“当你想到烹饪时，实际上会想到它有很多复杂的成分。”耶鲁大学的心理学家亚历山大·罗萨蒂说。

　　"So you have to plan for the future, you have to have some self-control by refraining to eat raw food you already have right now, you might want to have some ca...

　　去年圣诞节，圣诞老人一定是穿着T恤和短裤往雪橇上装礼物。北极点的温度攀升至冰点，而正常温度应该是零下二十华氏度。今天出国留学网小编就给大家介绍一下托福听力科学美国人60秒 北极出现反滚雪球效应。

　　This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I＇m Julia Rosen.

　　Got a minute？

　　Last Christmas， Santa Claus must have been loading his sleigh in a t-shirt and shorts. Temperatures at the North Pole crept up toward the freezing point when they should have been minus twenty Fahrenheit.

　　The heat wave was the latest in a series that have swept over the Arctic in recent winters. Climate change has caused steady warming in the region. But it has also helped supercharge these extreme events， which scientists say are tied to storms that spiral north out of the Atlantic.

　　＂These winds actually pick up a lot of heat and moisture.＂

　　Vladimir Alexeev， a climate scientist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.

　　＂And the atmosphere carries all this extra moisture and heat to the central Arctic， which results in [a] warmer and moister atmosphere.＂

　　Which then warms the surface.

　　Alexeev says the heat ferried north by these storms helps slow the growth of sea ice in winter—causing it to be about 15 centimeters thinner by the end of the season. And thinner ice may have a harder time surviving the summer.

　　But while the impact of these storms has grown in recent decades， the storms themselves are not happening more often， Alexeev says.

　　＂An important piece of information is that...

　　下面来自出国留学网英语频道整理的VOA慢速英语：G7峰会领导人继续对俄罗斯实施制裁，欢迎阅读。

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　　Vaccine Aims at Fly Host of Disease Parasite

　　新型疫苗直接对付寄生虫的宿主

　　Leishmaniasis is a sometimes fatal disease marked by skin ulcers, fever, and spleen and liver problems. It currently affects about 12 million people, mostly in the developing world, with about 2 million new infections annually. It’s caused by a parasite, which is spread by sand flies.

　　利什曼病有时候是致命的——其主要特征为皮肤溃疡、发烧以及脾脏和肝脏问题。目前大约有1200万人深受其害，大多患者集中在发展中国家。而且每年约有200万新的感染者。它由一种寄生虫引发，而这种寄生虫是由沙蝇传播的。

　　There is not yet a good vaccine against leishmaniasis. But researchers have shown that it may be worthwhile to target not the parasite—but its fly host. The report good results in non-human primates in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

　　目前还没有哪种疫苗能够很好的对抗利什曼病。但是研究人员表示，可以考虑不直接对付该寄身虫，而是去对付它的宿主——沙蝇。该研究在非人类灵长动物身上取得了良好效果。这项研究结果发表在《科学转化医学》杂志上。

　　下面来自出国留学网英语频道整理的科学美国人60秒：揭秘：蚂蚁为何闻起来像蓝奶酪，欢迎阅读。

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　　Ant Smells Like Blue Cheese for a Reason

　　揭秘：蚂蚁为何闻起来像蓝奶酪

　　A common response to seeing an ant inside your house is to stomp on it. But if you crush a member of the ant species Tapinoma sessile, you might catch a whiff of a strange smell—a smell that reminds some people of blue cheese, rancid butter or rotten coconut. In fact, the smell is so noticeable that the insect’s common name is the “odorous house ant.” And many people call it the coconut ant.

　　一般人们在家里看到蚂蚁都会狠狠地把它踩在脚下。但是如果你踩死的是一只酸臭蚁，那你就会沾上一点怪味——会让一些人联想到蓝奶酪、酸腐的牛油或烂椰子的味道。实际上，正因为这种气味实在太明显了，以至于这种蚂蚁的俗名都被称为“香家蚁”。还有许多人叫它“椰子蚁”。

　　In an effort to figure out why people have these reactions, researchers enlisted visitors at an event called the North Carolina BugFest. One-hundred-forty-three volunteers smelled smushed ants an...