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2021年考研英语：虚拟语气语法复习指示
一、主从句谓语动词的时态
(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:
主句 从句
与现在事实相反 would/情态动词过去式+do were (不分人称)/did
与过去事实相反 would/情态动词过去式+have done had done
与将来事实相反 would/情态动词过去式+do should do
如：
If the doctor had been available, the child could not have died.
There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.
(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：
主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如：
Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.
(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.
(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)
(3)识别事实和假设混合句：
Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.
(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)
I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.
(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)
二、名词性从句的虚拟形式
名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。考生应熟悉：
(1)下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式：
desire, advise, recommend, command, dir...
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一、 虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外，还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中，一般称为虚拟条件句。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式，即现在、过去和将来。
If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly
by outlook, values, education, and class.(2001年 TEXT1)
这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。If it did是条件状语从句。主句中主语是it;谓语动词有两个，分别是would open up...和look for...。
这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主句用would+动词原形open up和look for。
参考译文：如果它能注意这个问题的话，它就会拓展其雇员多样化项目，而目前的项目只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，去雇佣那些在世界观、价值观、教育背景及社会阶层方面各不相同的记者。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
虚拟语气除了用作状语从句中外，还可以用作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从中。
第一， 虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用
当it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it is + adj.这样的句型中，当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable，critical，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative，important，incredible，inevitable，necessary，recommend，strange，urgent等形容词时，主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，如果是现在时，谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略);如果是过去时，则用should/would + have done的形式。
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably，the retreat from predominance proved painful.
这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。句首的It是形式主语，真正主语是that从句，该主语从句使用了虚拟语气should+完成时。(2000年 TEXT1)参考译文：随着其他国家日益富裕，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。惟其不可避免，从优势地位上退出愈发...
考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：虚拟语气的译法”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!
2020考研英语：虚拟语气的译法
虚拟的译法
1. If he were here this evening, we would play cards.
如果他今晚在这里的话，我们就玩牌。
2. If I had known her address, I would have visited her last week.
上周如果我知道她的地址的话，我就去拜访她了。
3. Were she a boy, she would be happy.
要是她是男孩的话，她会幸福的。
4. Had you informed me earlier, I wouldn’t have signed the contract.
要是你早些告诉我的话，我是不会签那份合同的。
5. Coke town was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and the ashes had allowed it.
科克镇以前是由红色的砖建成的，确切点说，要不是由于烟雾和灰尘的话，它本应是红色的。
6. They do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been, had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
他们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
7 .If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. (2011)
如果环境总是能够决定人的生活和前景，那么人性就不曾进步过。
8. Those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times.
那些名牌大学的毕业生能够很快地达到良好经济时期他们本该拥有的地位。
9. This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospi...
考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：虚拟语气表假设”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!
2020考研英语：虚拟语气表假设
虚拟语气表假设
状语从句相当于汉语的“假如…” “要是…”等。
请看一个句子：
If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party. 如果她明天邀请我参加聚会，我就去。
这是个带条件从句的主从复合句，是直接的陈述语气，主句谓语动词用将来时，从句谓语动词用现在时代替将来时，表示能实现的动作。这句话说明说话人认为邀请的可能性较大。此句的条件是“只要她邀请我”，“去”这一动作就能实现。
请把这句话与下面虚拟语气的带条件从句的主从复合句进行比较：
1) If she invited me, I should go to the party. 假如她邀请我参加聚会，我就去。(说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能。)
这句话主句谓语动词用过去将来时，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，其含义是：
She will probably not invite me, so I shall not go to the party. 她很可能不会邀请我参加聚会，所以我不会去。
2) If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party. 假如她昨天邀请我参加聚会，我就去了。
这句话主句谓语动词用“should + have + 过去分词”形式，从句用过去完成时，对过去发生的事情进行虚拟假设，表示与过去
事实相反的情况，其含义是：
She didn’t invite me yesterday, so I didn’t go to the party. 她昨天没有邀请我参加聚会，因此我没有去。
3) If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party. 如果她明天邀请我参加聚会，我会去的。
这句话主句谓语动词用过去将来时，从句谓语动词也用过去将来时，表示的意思是，“邀请我”的可能性较小，对将来要发生的情况表示怀疑。其含义是：
It is unlikely that she will invite me tomorrow, so I shall not go to the party. 明天她不可能会邀请我，因此我不会去。
从以上例句可以看出：虚拟语气的条件句是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表示与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑，和直陈语气条件句的谓语动词形式以及所表达的含义完全不同。虚拟语气条件句中所用的谓语动词过去式、过去完成式、过去将来式等只表示不同的虚拟语气，与直陈语气句子的过去时、过去完成时等毫无关系，在学习时应注意加以区别，不要混淆。
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2017年高考英语虚拟语气倒装讲解及练习
部分倒装的形式: 主谓宾保持原来的形式，谓语动词的助动词放到主语的前面。
1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装 这类词语有hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, few,little, less, at no time, by no means, in no case, under no circumstance, in no way,on no account, on no consideration, no longer, not only等。 eg. He never smokes. 他从来不抽烟。 Never does he smoke. eg. Not only did the customer complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. 这位顾客不仅仅 抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。 eg. 在任何情况下我都不会相信你。Under no circumstance do I trust you.
2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。 eg. Only with you can I feel happy. eg. 只有当你来了这，我们才可以开始会议。 Only when you come, can we start the meeting.
3、so......that 结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装 eg. He runs so fast that I can't catch up with him. 他跑得实在是太快了，以致于我 都没有办法追上他。 So fast does he run that I can't catch up with him. eg. The moon was so bright that the flowers bright as by day. 皓月当空，花朵就像白天那样的鲜艳。 So bright was the moon that the flowers bright as by day.
4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。 eg. Although I am young, I can live by myself. 虽然我很小但是我却能养活自己了。 Young as I am, I can live by myself. eg. Although she is a girl, she can support the hole family. 虽然她是个女孩，但 是她却可以养活整个家庭的人。Girl as she is, she can support the hole family. eg. Although I like music very much,.... Much as I like music,.....
5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。 hardly.....when.... 一......就...... scarcely .....when........
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高考英语虚拟语气真题及答案
1.(2014北京卷)34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A. are B. were C. will be D. would be
2.(2014福建卷)32. no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been 3.(2014湖南卷)22.If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were B. had been C. should be D. was 4.(2014陕西卷)23. We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and
she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay
5.(2014天津卷)15. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught
6.(2014浙江卷 )16. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.
A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come 7.(2014重庆卷)13.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I __ it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
8.(2013重庆)29. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we __________
A. hadn’t B. haven't C. didn't D. d...
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2017年高考英语虚拟语气经典例题及答案
【经典例题】
1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday， he _______ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
2. If I had worn my overcoat， I _______cold.
A. won’t have caught B .couldn’t have caught
C. won’t catch D. wouldn’t catch
3.—If he ______ ， he ______ that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______， she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
【答案与解析】
1.A.本题考查虚拟语气。因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。
2.B.本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用。因为从句用了过去完成时，可知主句谓语动词用would / could have +过去分词形式。根据句意，可知选B。
3.B. 根据答语，可知本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。
4.D. 根据句意“在会上我没有看到你的姐姐。如果她来的话，她就见到我哥哥了”可知，这是考查对过去事实的虚拟。主句用could have done，故从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时。
【重点归纳】
一、虚拟条件句的类别
虚拟条件句可分为三类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况;一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况;另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况。其主句和从句的谓语动词构成如下：
1. 与现在事实相反
条件从句用过去时(be动词的过去式一律用were)，主句用would (should/ might / could...
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高考英语虚拟语气专项练习及答案
1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got
4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison
A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him
A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is
8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today
---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than today
A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told
9. ---Would you have called her up ?
---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework
A. was B. were C. had been D....
英语学习是一个长期奋斗的过程，只有策略、技巧和方法是不够的,还必须有刻苦学习的 恒心和毅力。如果没有奋斗的激情，离开坚持不懈的努力，我们很难获得成功。同学们， 一起努力吧!笑到最后，笑得最甜。
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