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托福考试：新托福独立写作的定律
曾有一位学生，其独立写作开头和结尾让我觉得回到了历史，不仅能看出是生搬硬套，而且比较别扭。
一问，果然两段分别改自莎士比亚《暴风雨》选段及英译荷马史诗。其实，该生的语言天赋和功底都很好，但在追求高分的过程中走入了误区。一个是语言风格上的混合错误：正式语言与非正式语言反差过大，现代英语中掺杂古英语或旧式英语;另一个是词语搭配错误。这亦是中国学生普遍的问题所在。
我们一定要注意到，写作是应用写作(practical writing)，非创造性写作(creative writing)，即考察学生的语言表述能力，而不是文学创作能力。无论是综合写作还是独立写作，考生追求的基本目标是把想说的意思用书面英语表达清楚，让阅卷人读懂和明白。从语言角度来说，有两大标准，即准确性和多样化。能够达到词词准确，又使用到不同的词句来表达相同、相似的意思，从语言角度来说已经符合托福考试的高分要求。
先来说说准确性。譬如这样一个句子：My writing ability increased by reading many books. 拆开来看，每个英文单词对应的中文意思是对的。但存在一个问题，ability和increase是不搭配的。任何一个单词，都不能单纯地说用得好不好。语言是讲究搭配的，简单常见的...
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