2015中考英语语法重点

　　中考英语语法名师精挑细讲：副词

　　(四) 副词

　　1.副词的种类：

　　○1 时间副词：often, always, usually, early, ago, already, before, ever, late, now, soon, since, tomorrow, just now …

　　○2 地点副词：here, there, above, below, outside, anywhere, back, down, home, out, everywhere …

　　○3 方式副词：hard, well, badly, fast, slowly, angrily, simply, carefully …

　　○4 程度副词：very, quite, much, still, almost, little, too, enough …

　　○5 疑问副词：how, when, where, why …

　　○6 关系副词：when, where, why … (引导定语从句)

　　○7 连接副词：how, when, where, why, whether …

　　○8 频率副词：often, seldom, usually, never, sometimes, every day, always, hardly …

　　○9 其他副词：really, certainly, surely, maybe …

　　2.副词的用法：

　　○1 作状语 ： He can finish the work easily .

　　○2 作定语(要后置) ： The students here are from Harbin .

　　○3 作表语 ： I must be off now .

　　○4 作宾补，构成复合宾语 ： Show him up . I saw him out with my sister last night .

　　3.副词的比较级和最高级。(一般加 er / est ,不规则见表)

　　○1 副词的原级：

　　A. as + 副词的原级 + as "与…一样"

　　B. not as(so) + 副词的原级 + as "与…不一样"

　　C. too + 副词的原级 + to do sth . "太…而不能"

　　D. so + 副词的原级 + that 从句 "如此…以致于…"

　　E. 副词的原级 + enough to do sth . "足够…能做…"

　　○2 副词的比较级：

　　A.A + 动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B

　　B.副词比较级前也可以用 much, even, still, far, any, a little, a bit, a lot 等修饰。

　　C.比较级 + and + 比较级，表示"越来越…"，the more … the more … 表示"越…就越…"

　　D.副词的最高级前通常不加定冠词 the .

 

　　中考英语语法名师精挑细讲：动词

　　类 别 意 义 例 子 例 句

　　行为动词 含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。 及物动词 后面一定接宾语 Open, visit, hear … He visited Gaozhou yesterday.

　　不及物动词 后面可以不接宾语 Laugh, cry, live … He lives in Beijing .

　　连系动词(link v) 本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。 Be, become, grow, get, turn, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem … The meat smells bad .

　　He is a student .

　　助动词(v.aux.) 本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式 Do, does, did, am, is, are, have, has, had, shall, will, should, would … He doesn't speak English .

　　We are playing football .

　　He had gone to Beijing .

　　情态动词(Modal Verbs) 本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。 Can, may, must, should, need, dear, shall, will, have to … She can speak English .

　　May I speak to Ann, please、

　　We must go now .

　　注：动词(除情态动词，只有原形和过去式)有原形、第三人称单数、动词-ing、动词过去式、动词过去分词五种形式。

 

　　( ) 25. There are two windows in the room. They _______ face east.

　　A. all B. both C. every D. either

　　( ) 26. Here are two dictionaries. You may use _______of them.

　　A. all B. every C. each D. either

　　( ) 27. The teacher put__________ the books he could find on the desk.

　　A. all B. any C. much D. some

　　( ) 28. ChenBin has read lots of stories by Chinese writers, now he would like to read______

　　stories by writers from_______ countries.

　　A. some, any B. other, other C. other, some D. some, other

　　( ) 29. I can’t go there. There is__________ bus.

　　A. not B. not any C. no D. none

　　( ) 30. Let you and_________ do it together

　　A. I B. my C. me D. mine

　　( ) 31. I don’t think this is a good idea. Have you any_______ suggestion?

　　A. another B. the other C. others D. other

　　( ) 32. ________ a pity you didn’t see the film.

　　A. It’s B. That’s C. These is D. What’s

　　( ) 33. It was ________who helped me a lot.

　　A. herself B. she C. himself D. her

　　( ) 34. I don’t like playing football,________ does he.

　　A. either B. neither C. none D. so

　　( ) 35. ________ are very good.

　　A. Both they B. The both boys C. Both of they D. Both those boys

　　( ) 36. _______ of the three bus lines will take you to the station.

　　A. All B. Either C. Neither D. Both

　　( ) 37. Try to make as_______ mistakes a...

　　61.--- Would you like some _______? ---Thank you, but I am not hungry.

　　A. breads B. cakes C. oranges D. orange juice

　　62. Don’t make any _______, the boy is sleeping.

　　A. voice B. noise C. music D. laugh

　　63. She was born in Xiangfan, but now she works in Taiyuan. So we cannot say Taiyuan is her ____.

　　A. hometown B. second home C. family D. house

　　64. Is this your _______ for making so many mistakes?

　　A. idea B. mind C. excuse D. result

　　65. There are few _______ for supper. Would you please buy some carrots and cabbages on your way home?

　　A. meat B. eggs C. fruit D. vegetables

　　66. --- Would you like some _______? --- Oh, yes, just a little please.

　　A. pears B. apples C. bananas D. milk

　　67. --- Can you finish the work in a week? --- No _______.

　　A. problem B. matter C. trouble D. question

　　68. Is there a little _______ left for me?

　　A. room B. place C. ground D. house

　　69. The sign “_______!” is often seen on the box.

　　A. NO PHOTOS B. NO SMOKING C. BUSINESS HOURS D. THIS SIDE UP

　　70. Help yourselves to some _______, children.

　　A. fish B. fishes C. a piece of fish D. a fish

　　71. --- Here is the _______, please. --- Oh. Fried meat with some green peppers and two eggs.

　　A. bill B. list C. book D. menu

　　72. _______ is used to eat soup.

　　A. Knife B. Fork C. Spoon D. Chopsticks

　　73. -...

　　(一)名词的分类

　　名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词要注意单复数。

　　(二)名词的数

　　1、可数名词与不可数名词

　　A、不可数名词，中学阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：

　　1)前无冠，后无复;作主语为三单.

　　2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of

　　eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [ ]

　　A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many

　　There is some_______ on the plate. [ ]

　　A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer

　　2、可数名词的复数

　　A、规则变化

　　1)

　　2)

　　3)

　　4)

　　B、不规则变化：

　　man——menm, woman——women，policeman——policemen, foot——feet， tooth——teeth, child——children，mouse—mice，Ox—Oxen, mouse—mice

　　注意：

　　① potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes

　　② 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese

　　③ 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 (man doctor — men doctors)

　　④ reef—reefs

　　⑤ “某国人”的复数：口诀是“

　　eg. German—Germans

　　⑥有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。

　　eg:

　　cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布;

　　sand沙——sands沙滩;

　　tea茶——a tea一杯茶;

　　orange橘汁——an orange橘子;

　　glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯，glasses眼镜;

　　paper纸——a paper试卷、论文;

　　wood木头——a wood小森林;

　　room空间、余地——a room房间

　　fruit ——fruits ;food ——foods ;fish ——fishes ;drink ——a drink ;

　　3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是 “……的”)

　　从属连词和并列连词

　　(一)从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词

　　(二)并列连词：

　　并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：

　　1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。

　　2. 表选择关系的or, either…or等。

　　3. 表转折关系的but, while(然而)等。

　　4.表因果关系的for, so等。

　　5. and: “和”在肯定句中表并列

　　or: “和”在否定句中表并列

　　另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句

　　2)or “否则”

　　eg. ①.Which do you like better, tea or milk?

　　②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.

　　6.but “但是”表转折

　　eg. I listened, but I heard nothing.

　　注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用

　　2)not … but 不是…而是

　　eg. This book isn’t mine but yours.

　　both… and : 既…又(连接主语为复数)

　　neither…nor: 既不…也不 连接两主

　　7. either…or: 或者…或者 语后者决

　　not only … but also:不但…而且 定单、复

　　eg.1)Both he and I are students.

　　2)Neither he nor I am a student.

　　练 习

　　( )1. ---Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008?

　　---I don’t think so. Now ______ the young ______ the old can speak some English.

　　A. either…or B. not only… but also

　　C. neither…nor D. both…or

　　( )2. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left late.

　　A. so B. because C. but D. though

　　( )3. Tom failed in the exam again _______ he wanted to pass it very much.

　　A. if B. so C. though D. as

　　( )4. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested him myself.

　　( )71. --- Do you have _______ CDs here? --- Yes, they are over there.

　　--- May I borrow _______? --- Yes, of course.

　　A. some, some B. any, any C. any, little D. some, any

　　( )72. They all lost _______ in the beautiful music.

　　A. them B. their C. theirs D. themselves

　　( )73. Your computer is very different _______.

　　A. to me B. from mine C. for mine D. as me

　　( )74. He wants to know _______ ask about Father Christmas.

　　A. to who B. to whom C. whose to D. whom to

　　( )75. --- Is that Miss Li speaking? --- Yes, this is Miss Li speaking. _______?

　　A. Who are you B. Who is he C. Who is she D. Who is that

　　( )76. There are quite a few old books on the shelf , but _________ of them is useful to him .

　　A. both B. all C. neither D. none

　　( )77. The Smiths have visited two famous cities . One is in Japan and _________ is in China .

　　A. another B. other C. others D. the other

　　( )78. — What’s in your car ? — _________ .

　　A. No one B. Nothing C. Nobody D. None

　　( )79. “_________ does your father do ?” “He is a worker .”

　　A. Which B. Who C. What D. How

　　( )80. I prefer the blue trousers . May I _________ ?

　　A. try it on B. try on it C. try them on D. try on them

　　( )81. _________ of the two girls is from Beijing .

　　A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither

　　( )82. Students are usually interested in sport...

　　中考英语语法名师精挑细讲：代词

　　类 别 作 用 例 词 例 句

　　人称代词 代替人或事物，主格作主语，宾客作宾语 数

　　格 人称 单 数 复 数 I am a teacher .

　　They are students .

　　We all like him .

　　He gave the book to me .

　　一 二 三 一 二 三

　　主 格 I you he She it we you they

　　宾 格 me you him Her it us you them

　　物主代词 形容词性只作定语，名词性可以作主、宾、表语等，表示所属关系 词义

　　类型 我的 你

　　的 他的 她

　　的 它

　　的 我们的 你们的 他们

　　的 My book is there.

　　Her father is a worker.

　　This bike is yours, ours is broken .

　　形容词性 my your his her its our your their

　　名词词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

　　反身代词 起强调作用，只作同位语和宾语 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 We ourselves did the work.

　　He did the work by himself.

　　单 数 myself yourself himself herself itself

　　复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves

　　相互代词 表示相互关系，作宾语 宾 格 所 有 格 We should help each other.

　　Please correct each other's mistakes .

　　each other(两者相互) each other's(相互的)

　　one another(三者或三者以上) one another's(相互的)

　　指示代词 起指示作用，作定语、主语、宾语、表语等 This, that, these, those, it, such, same Take this book to his room.

　　My point is this .

　　不定代词 代替或修饰任何不定数量及不定范围的人或事物 some, any, no, none, many, few, little, all, both, every, one, either, neither, other, a few, a little, another, somebody, nobody, nothing, each I have something to tell you.

　　Neither answer is right.

　　疑问代词 表示疑问，构成特殊问句 who, what, whose, which, whom Whom d...