出国留学网英语四级考试语法

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2022年下英语四级考试语法练习题

 

2022年英语四级考试时间马上就要到了,学习英语,不仅仅要记、背单词,英语语法的练习也是必不可少的。下面是小编为大家准备的2022年下英语四级考试语法练习题,有需要的考生可以在考试之前练习一下,提高一下自己的语法能力。

2022年下英语四级考试语法练习题

1.This light shelf is strong enough to _______ all the books here.

  A. wipe

  B.wax

  C.survey

  D.sustain

  2.The _______ Court is the highest court in the United States.

  A. Vital

  B.Thunder

  C.Reverse

  D.Supreme

  3.Our university has an international student exchange _______ with the University of Wyoming in the United States.

  A. procession

  B.provision

  C.profession

  D.program

  4.He ________ of me the best way to go.

  A. investigated B.inquired C.frightened D.resorted

  5.Mr. White tried to _______ this job through the influence of his father.

  A. harness

  B.fetch

  C.curse

  D.obtain

  6.The police dog finally found the _______ of the prisoners of war.

  A. steep

  B.resolution

  C.porter

  D.trail

  7.As the only _______ in the small village, he not only fixed the furniture but also made furniture for the villagers.

  A. symbol

  B.source

  C.pan

  D.carpenter

  8.A big crowd gathered around the bus, almost _______ the traffic.

  A. affecting

  B.blocking

  C.creating

  D.mating

  9.As far as I see, this book has its own _______.

  A. m...

2019年大学英语四级考试语法:名词性从句与定语从句

 

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2019年大学英语四级考试语法:名词性从句

  在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

  17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词

  引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

  连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)

  连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,

  whose, which.

  连接副词:when, where, how, why

  不可省略的连词:

  1. 介词后的连词

  2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

  That she was chosen made us very happy.

  We heard the news that our team had won.

  比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:

  1. whether引导主语从句并在句首

  2. 引导表语从句

  3. whether从句作介词宾语

  4. 从句后有"or not"

  Whether he will come is not clear.

  大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。

  It is not important who will go.

  It is still unknown which team will win the match.

  17.2 名词性that-从句

  1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:

  主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.  他还活着全靠运气。

  宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

  表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.   事实是近来谁也没有见过他。

  同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

  近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。

  形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satis...

2019年大学英语四级考试语法:主谓一致与虚拟语气

 

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2019年大学英语四级考试语法:主谓一致

  主谓一致是指:

  1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

  2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

  3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,

  一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。

  There is much water in the thermos.

  但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。

  Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

  15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

  Reading and writing are very important.

  注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

  The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

  典型例题

  The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

  A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were

  答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

  15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则

  1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

  There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

  There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

  2)当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

  Either you or she is to go.

  Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

  15.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致

  当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no les...

2019年大学英语四级考试语法:句子的种类与倒装

 

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2019年大学英语四级考试语法:句子的种类

  (一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

  1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。

  Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。  (说明事实)

  The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。

  (说明看法)

  2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:

  a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):

  Can you finish the work in time?

  你能按时完成工作吗?

  b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):

  Where do you live? 你住那儿?

  How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?

  c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):

  Do you want tea or coffee?

  你是要茶还是要咖啡?

  d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):

  He doesn't know her, does he?

  他不认识她,对不对?

  3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:

  Sit down, please. 请坐。

  Don't be nervous! 别紧张!

  4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:

  What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!

  (二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:

  1) 简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:

  She is fond of collecting stamps.  她喜欢集邮。

  (主)  (谓)

  2) 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:

  The food was good, but he had little appetite.

  (主)   (谓)      (主)(谓)

  食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。

  3) 复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:

  The film had begun when we got to the cinema.

  主句       从句

  ...

2019年大学英语四级考试语法:动词的语态与时态

 

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2019年大学英语四级考试语法:动词的语态

  语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。

  主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。

  1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态 时,该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。

  feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch

  The teacher made me go out of the classroom.

  --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).

  We saw him play football on the playground.

  --> He was seen to play football on the playground.

  2)情态动词+ be +过去分词,构成被动语态。

  Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

  12.1 let 的用法

  1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带to 的不定式。

  They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.

  2) 若let 后宾补较长时,let 通常不用被动语态,而用allow或permit 代替。

  The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.

  ----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.

  12.2 短语动词的被动语态

  短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

  This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.

  My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.

  Such a thing has never been heard of before..

  12.3 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组

  believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand

  It is said that…   据说

  It is reported that… 据报道

  It is believed that… 大家相信

  It is hoped tha...

2019年大学英语四级考试语法:分词与独立主格

 

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2019年大学英语四级考试语法:分词

  9.1 分词作定语

  分词前置

  We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日

  He is a retired worker.  他是位退休的工人

  分词后置 (i分词词组;ii 个别分词如given, left; iii 修饰不定代词 something等)

  There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里

  This is the question given.   这是所给的问题

  There is nothing interesting.  没有有趣的东西

  过去分词作定语

  与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

  Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.

  Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

  典型例题

  1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

  A. have written  B. to be written  C. being written  D. written

  答案D. 书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被动,相当于定语从句 which is written

  2)What's the language ____ in Germany?

  A. speaking  B. spoken   C. be spoken  D. to speak

  答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。

  spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:

  What's the language (which is) spoken in German?

  9.2 分词作状语

  As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.

  -> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

  由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。

  If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.

  -> Given more attention,the tre...

2019年大学英语四级考试语法:动词不定式与特殊词精讲

 

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2019年大学英语四级考试语法:动词不定式

  7. 动词不定式

  7.1 不定式作宾语

  1) 动词+ 不定式

  afford  aim   appear  agree  arrange  ask   be    decide bother  care  choose   come    dare   demand desire  determine     expect   elect  endeavor     hope       fail  happen  help  hesitate learn  long   mean   manage  offer  ought   plan  prepare pretend   promise refuse seem   tend   wait    wish     undertake

  举例:

  The driver failed to see the other car in time.

  司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

  I happen to know the answer to your question.

  我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

  2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式

  ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

  I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

  I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

  I want to speak to Tom.  我想和汤姆谈话。

  I want you to speak to Tom.  我想让你和汤姆谈话。

  3) 动词+疑问词+ to

  decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

  Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

  There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

  注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数。

  The question is how to put it into practice.

  问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

  7.2 不定式作补语

  1)...

2019年大学英语四级考试语法:动词和动名词

 

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2019年大学英语四级考试语法:动词

  5. 动词

  1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

  2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。

  说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:

  We are having a meeting.  我们正在开会。  (having是实义动词。)

  He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。

  (has是助动词。)

  3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。

  说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:

  She can dance and sing.

  她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)

  She can sing many English songs.

  她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)

  4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如:

  She sings very well.

  她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)

  She wants to learn English well.

  她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。

  说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。

  5) 根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如:

  The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

  英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)

  Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

  学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。)

  The young ought to take care of the old.

  年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。)

  6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in ...

​2019年大学英语四级考试语法:冠词和数词

 

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2019年大学英语四级考试语法:冠词和数词

  2.1 不定冠词的用法

  冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。

  不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。

  1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

  A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.

  2) 代表一类人或物。

  A knife is a tool for cutting with.

  Mr. Smith is an engineer.

  3) 词组或成语。

  a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

  2.2 定冠词的用法

  定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

  1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

  Take the medicine. 把药吃了。

  2)上文提到过的人或事:

  He bought a house. I've been to the house.

  他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

  3)指世上独一物二的事物:

  the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth

  4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;

  the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。

  5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面:

  Where do you live? I live on the second floor.  你住在哪?我住在二层。

  That's the very thing I've been looking for.  那正是我要找的东西。

  6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

  They are the teachers of this sch...

​2019年大学英语四级考试语法:名词

 

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2019年大学英语四级考试语法:名词

  名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:

  1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。

  2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。

  3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。

  4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。

  个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:  _______________________________________

  |  |专有名词 |            |

  | 名 |     | 个体名词  |      |

  |  |     |      | 可数名词 |

  |  |     | 集体名词  |      |

  |  |普通名词 |      |      |

  | 词 |     | 物质名词  |      |

  |  |     |      | 不可数名词|

  |  |     | 抽象名词  |      |

  1.1 名词复数的规则变化

  ___________________________________________________

  情况   构成方法   读音    例词

  __________________________________________________

  一般情况   加 -s  1.清辅音后读/s/;  map-maps

  2.浊辅音和元音后  bag-bags

  读 /z/;     car-cars

  ___________________________________________________

  以s,sh,ch,

  x等结尾的词  加 -es  读 /iz/    bus-buses

  watch-watches

  ___________________________________________________

  以ce,se,ze,

  (d)ge等结尾

  的词      加 -s  读 /iz/  license-licenses